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The Changing Narrative of Security Discourse: From State Security to Human Security in South Asia?

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  • Sujit Lahiry

Abstract

Security discourse has radically changed over the years, especially since the Post–Cold War period. The traditional concept focuses on state security and national security, and is essentially based on realist and neo‐realist paradigms. However, in 1994, the United Nations Human Development Report for the first time elaborated the notion of human security and the associated Human Development Index (HDI). Human security advocates a people‐centric approach to security. The two foundational principles on which human security is based are “freedom from fear” and “freedom from want.” I evaluate the notions of state security versus human security and examine how South Asian countries have fared regarding the human security indices. I conclude that, despite advances in some areas, various HDI parameters show that the human security record is still rather dismal in South Asia. There remains a critical need to improve it. El discurso de seguridad ha cambiado radicalmente con los años, especialmente desde el periodo posterior a la Guerra Fría. El concepto tradicional de seguridad se enfoca en la seguridad estatal y en la seguridad nacional, lo cual ha estado de moda desde el Tratado de Paz de Westfalia de 1648, y está esencialmente basado en paradigmas realistas y neorrealistas. En otras palabras, la seguridad significaba principalmente que el estado debía salvaguardar su integridad territorial, la autonomía estatal y el orden público interno ante la amenaza de otros estados. Sin embargo, por primera vez el Informe de Desarrollo Humano de la ONU en 1994 elaboró la noción de seguridad humana. Sin embargo, por primera vez el Informe de Desarrollo Humano de la ONU en 1994 elaboró la noción de seguridad humana. Los dos principios fundamentales en los que se basa la seguridad humana son la “libertad del miedo” y la “libertad de la necesidad.” La seguridad humana esencialmente aboga a favor de un acercamiento de seguridad basado en las personas. Este artículo evalúa las nociones de seguridad estatal versus seguridad humana y examina cómo les ha ido a los países de Asia del Sur en términos de seguridad humana. Concluyo que la noción de seguridad humana es tétrica en el sur de Asia, utilizando los diversos parámetros de HDI. 近年来安全话语从根本上发生了变化,尤其是自冷战结束之后。传统安全概念聚焦于国家安全和国防安全,这是自1648年威斯特伐利亚和约签订后便流行起来的术语,其本质基于现实主义和新现实主义范式。换句话说,安全主要指国家需要保护自身领土完整、国家自治和国内政治秩序。然而,1994 年联合国《人类发展报告》首次阐述了人类安全的概念。发展经济学家马赫布卜·乌尔·哈克(Mahbub ul Haq)阐述了人类发展指数(HDI)中的相关概念。人类安全所基于的两大基本准则分别是”免于恐惧的自由”和”免于匮乏的自由”。人类安全从根本上倡导以人为中心的安全措施。本文评价了国家安全和人类安全的概念,并深入研究了南亚国家在人类安全一事上进行地是否成功。 通过使用不同HDI 参数,笔者结论认为,人类安全在南亚的进展相当低迷。

Suggested Citation

  • Sujit Lahiry, 2020. "The Changing Narrative of Security Discourse: From State Security to Human Security in South Asia?," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 183(2), pages 183-205, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:183:y:2020:i:2:p:183-205
    DOI: 10.1177/0043820020921153
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