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Populism and Social Policy: A Challenge to Neoliberalism, or a Complement to It?

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  • Andrea Chandler

Abstract

Do populists pursue distinct kinds of policies, and if so, how successful are those policies? Populist rhetoric often invokes themes of redistribution insofar as leaders claim that power and resources need to be restored to “the people.” As a result, populists tend to offer a very broad view of social policy that emphasizes security, order, rewards, and punishments. Populists’ narratives may be simple, but once in office, they may face complex problems that call for more sophisticated policy solutions. This study examines whether populist policies fit the messages they deliver to their target voters, and aims to contribute to the development of a methodology for determining that relationship in specific empirical cases. I focus on the case of Russia, which enacted a major change in its old‐age pension system in 2018 under the leadership of President Vladimir Putin. ¿ Persiguen los populistas distintos tipos de políticas y, de ser así, qué tan exitosas son esas políticas? La retórica populista a menudo invoca temas de redistribución, en la medida en que los líderes reclaman el poder y los recursos necesarios para ser devueltos a “la gente.” Como resultado, los populistas tienden a ofrecer una visión muy amplia de la política social que enfatiza la seguridad, el orden, las recompensas, y castigos. Las narrativas de los populistas pueden ser simples, pero una vez en el cargo pueden enfrentar problemas complejos que requieren soluciones políticas más sofisticadas. Este estudio examina si las políticas populistas se ajustan a los mensajes que transmiten a sus votantes objetivo y tiene como objetivo contribuir al desarrollo de una metodología para determinar esa relación en casos empíricos específicos. La investigación se centra en el caso de Rusia, que promulgó un cambio importante en su sistema de pensiones de vejez en 2018 bajo el liderazgo del presidente Vladimir Putin. 民粹主义者是否追求独特类型的政策,如果是的话,这些政策有多成功?民粹主义叙事经常提及再分配这一主题,以至于领导者宣称权力和资源需要归还给”人民”。结果则是,民粹主义者往往给出一个相当宽泛的、强调安全、秩序、奖励和惩罚的社会政策视角。民粹主义者的叙事可能是简单的,但在他们就职后可能会面对各种需要更复杂的政策解决措施的难题。本文检验了民粹主义政策是否与其传递给目标选民的信息相一致,并旨在对一个用于确定特定实证案例中该关系(即政策与选民接收信息相一致)的方法论的发展作出贡献。研究聚焦于俄罗斯案例,后者在弗拉基米尔·普京总统的领导下于2018年对旧养老金体系颁布了一项重大政策调整。

Suggested Citation

  • Andrea Chandler, 2020. "Populism and Social Policy: A Challenge to Neoliberalism, or a Complement to It?," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 183(2), pages 125-154, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:183:y:2020:i:2:p:125-154
    DOI: 10.1177/0043820020920557
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