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The Presidentialization of Japan's LDP Politics: Analyzing Its Causes, Limits, and Perils

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  • Ko Mishima

Abstract

This article examines the elevated status of the prime minister in the Japanese Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) government through the lens of Poguntke and Webb's presidentialization thesis. There are two distinctive characteristics in the Japanese case. First, its presidentialization does not occur as the evolution of the Westminster model and instead follows a unique path. Second, the reinforced position of the Japanese premiership is in essence the product of institutional reforms that the Japanese political class has enacted in the last two decades for the renewal of national strategies, which in turn means that the Japanese presidentialization is taking place by design at its core. Furthermore, the latter fact implies its potential risks—most importantly, the progress of presidentialization under the LDP's continued dominance can undermine check‐and‐balance functions in Japanese democracy to a hazardous degree. Este artículo examina el elevado estatus del primer ministro en el gobierno del Partido Liberal Democrático (PLD) a través de la tesis de presidencialización de Poguntke y Webb. Hay dos características distintivas en el caso japonés. Primero, su presidencialización no ocurre como la evolución del modelo de Westminster y, en cambio, sigue un camino único. En segundo lugar, la posición reforzada de la presidencia japonesa es, en esencia, el producto de las reformas institucionales que la clase política japonesa ha promulgado en las últimas dos décadas para la renovación de las estrategias nacionales, lo que a su vez significa que la presidencialización japonesa se lleva a cabo desde el principio. Además, el último hecho implica sus riesgos potenciales; lo más importante es que el progreso de la presidencialización bajo el dominio continuo del PLD puede socavar las funciones de control y equilibrio en la democracia japonesa en un grado peligroso. 本文基于Poguntke和Webb的总统化理论分析了日本首相在自民党(LDP)政府中地位的提升。文中日本案例有两个明显的特点。首先, 日本的总统化并不是随着西敏模式的演变而产生, 而是遵循了一条独特的道路。其次, 日本首相地位的加强实质上是日本政治阶级在过去二十年间为国家政策复兴而实行制度改革的结果。这反过来意味着日本的总统化是有计划发生的。此外, 后一个事实意味着其潜在的风险——最重要的是, 在自民党持续主导下的总统化进程可能会在一定程度上破坏日本民主的制衡作用。

Suggested Citation

  • Ko Mishima, 2019. "The Presidentialization of Japan's LDP Politics: Analyzing Its Causes, Limits, and Perils," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 182(1), pages 97-123, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:182:y:2019:i:1:p:97-123
    DOI: 10.1177/0043820019826671
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