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Debating Gun Control in Canada and the United States: Divergent Policy Frames and Political Cultures

Author

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  • Anthony Fleming
  • Dylan S. McLean
  • Raymond Tatalovich

Abstract

The weakness of the antigun lobby in the United States is attributed to the “collective action problem” of trying to mobilize “free riders” behind a public purpose. But the Coalition for Gun Control emerged in Canada to successfully lobby for the Firearms Act of 1995. If the “collective action problem” is not limited to the United States, then are its effects “mediated” by political culture? To address this research question, we content analyze (1) media coverage, (2) party platforms, (3) presidential, and (4) ministerial rhetoric. Three frames represent “restrictive” gun policies that ban or regulate firearms, “punitive” gun policies that penalize the person for the unlawful use of firearms, or “lenient” gun policies that encourage gun ownership and gun rights. Marked differences in framing the gun debate help explain why an antigun coalition emerged in Canada but not the United States. La debilidad del lobby anti‐armas en los Estados Unidos se atribuye al “problema de la acción colectiva” de tratar de movilizar a los “usuarios libres” detrás de un propósito público. Pero la Coalición para el Control de Armas surgió en Canadá para presionar con éxito la Ley de Armas de Fuego de 1995. Si el “problema de la acción colectiva” no se limita a los Estados Unidos, ¿están sus efectos “mediados” por la cultura política? Para abordar esta pregunta de investigación, analizamos (1) la cobertura de los medios de comunicación, (2) las plataformas de los partidos, (3) la retórica presidencial y (4) la retórica ministerial. Tres marcos representan políticas de armas “restrictivas” que prohíben o regulan las armas de fuego, políticas de armas “punitivas” que penalizan a la persona por el uso ilegal de armas de fuego, o políticas de armas “indulgentes” que fomentan la propiedad y los derechos de las armas. Las marcadas diferencias en el marco del debate sobre las armas ayudan a explicar por qué surgió una coalición anti‐armas en Canadá pero no en Estados Unidos. 美国反枪支游说运动的失败归因于”集体行动问题”,即试图在公共目的背后动员”搭便车者”。但是加拿大的枪支管制联盟为1995年成立枪支法案而进行的游说却获得了成功。如果”集体行动问题”不局限于美国,那么其影响是否由政治文化”调解”?针对这一研究问题,笔者分析了(1) 媒体报道,(2)政党平台,(3)总统致辞和(4)部长发言。三个框架代表禁止或管制枪支的”限制性”枪支政策、惩罚非法使用枪支的”惩罚性”枪支政策或鼓励拥有枪支和枪支权利的”宽容性”枪支政策。枪支辩论框架上的显著差异有助于解释为什么反枪支联盟出现在加拿大,而不是美国。

Suggested Citation

  • Anthony Fleming & Dylan S. McLean & Raymond Tatalovich, 2018. "Debating Gun Control in Canada and the United States: Divergent Policy Frames and Political Cultures," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 181(4), pages 348-371, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:181:y:2018:i:4:p:348-371
    DOI: 10.1177/0043820018812609
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