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Achieving Effective International Cooperation: How Institutional Formalization Shapes Intergovernmental Negotiations

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  • Hartmut Lenz

Abstract

This article explores how formalization of institutions and domestic constraints influence the outcomes of international cooperation and negotiation processes—particularly in a regional setting like the European Union (EU) or the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Examining different forms of institutional setup along the formal‐informal continuum, this study evaluates their impact on the successes and failures of intergovernmental negotiation processes. While some scholars have been vocal about the importance of institutional setting on negotiation outcomes, there has not yet been any systematic analysis of the impact of institutional variations on the actual negotiation process. This project specifies under what conditions domestic actors constrain governments, and how these conditions depend on institutional structures. I analyze the impact of institutional variations, concentrating on negotiation failure and deadlock situations, to form a framework that can differentiate between various bargaining situations and to understand their impact on the possibility to facilitate successful negotiation outcomes. The central argument highlights the need for more nuanced connections between institutional design, domestic constraints, and the level of formalization to understand the likelihood of success or failure of intergovernmental negotiation processes. Este artículo explora cómo la formalización de las instituciones, así como otras restricciones de contexto, influye en resultados de cooperación internacional y procesos de negociación—particularmente en un entorno regional. Examino las diferentes formas de arreglo institucional (ejemplificadas en la negociación formal del sistema de la Unión Europea, y en las estrategias menos formales empleadas por la asociación de naciones del sureste asiático, o ASEAN) y la influencia que tienen sobre los resultados y fallas de sus procesos de negociación. Mientras que algunos académicos han discutido sobre variaciones en la negociación, no habido ningún análisis sistemático del impacto de variaciones institucionales en el proceso de negociación actual. Un primer paso en este proyecto es intentar especificar bajo qué condiciones los actores domésticos restringen a los gobiernos y cómo éstas condiciones dependen de estructuras institucionales. Investigo el impacto de ciertas variaciones institucionales, concentrándome en el fracaso en la negociación y las situaciones de estancamiento. El objetivo es comenzar a formar un marco que pueda diferenciar entre varias situaciones de negociación y entender su impacto sobre la posibilidad de facilitar resultados de negociación exitosos. El argumento central ilumina la necesidad de conexiones nítidas entre diseño institucional y otras restricciones contextuales así como el nivel de formalización en el proceso de negociación. 本文探索了制度环境和机构设置的差异如何能影响国际合作结果和谈判过程——尤其是在区域背景的情况下。笔者考察了机构设置的不同形式(例如,欧盟的正式谈判体制和东盟的相对非正式策略)、以及这些形式对谈判过程的成败所产生的影响。尽管一些学者对谈判和合作上的差异有所评论,但目前对于”体制差异对实际谈判过程造成的影响”一事还没有任何的系统性分析。本文作为研究此事的首篇文章,试图确定在何种情况下国内行动者会对政府造成限制,以及这些情况如何依附于体制结构。笔者调查了某些体制差异造成的影响,并聚焦于谈判失败和僵持场景。笔者特别研究了不确定性和信息不对称等问题。此举目的是形成一个能区分不同谈判场景的框架,同时理解各场景对”促成成功谈判结果的可能性”的影响。

Suggested Citation

  • Hartmut Lenz, 2018. "Achieving Effective International Cooperation: How Institutional Formalization Shapes Intergovernmental Negotiations," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 181(2), pages 161-180, June.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:181:y:2018:i:2:p:161-180
    DOI: 10.1177/0043820018791644
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