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WOODROW WILSON AND THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR: A Hundred Years Later and Still Relevant

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  • Eugene P. Trani
  • Donald E. Davis

Abstract

American‐Russian relations have been troubled from Lenin to Putin, from Wilson to Trump. Woodrow Wilson insisted that no one power should dominate Europe. This detailed analysis shows that Wilson was the first “Cold War Warrior,” and his “quarantine” policy toward Russia was the precursor of the policy the United States has generally followed toward Russia since the end of World War II. Wilson tried to avoid taking sides in the Bolshevik Revolution but finally was drawn into it from relentless Allied pressure. Yet he kept intervention minimal. Afterward, he quarantined communism until FDR recognized Russia and, later, allied with Stalin against Hitler. Truman and his successors renewed “quarantine,” calling it “containment.” With the USSR's collapse, the shape and stability of Wilson's Europe reappeared. The West has preserved that Europe through the EU, NATO, and sanctions against Putin's restoring a Soviet sphere. America should now be clear, as Wilson once was, in supporting European security. Las relaciones entre Estados Unidos y Rusia han tenido problemas desde Lenin hasta Putin, de Wilson a Trump. Woodrow Wilson insistía que ningún poder debería dominar Europa. Este análisis detallado muestra que Wilson fue el primer “Guerrero de la Guerra Fría,” y que su política de “cuarentena” para Rusia fue el precursor de la política que los Estados Unidos ha seguido para Rusia desde el final de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Él intentó evitar tomar partido en la Revolución Bolchevique pero finalmente se vio forzado a hacerlo por la presión imparable de los aliados. Sin embargo, mantuvo la intervención al mínimo. Después, puso al comunismo en cuarentena hasta que FDR reconoció a Rusia y, más tarde, se alió con Stalin contra Hitler. Truman y sus sucesores renovaron la “cuarentena,” llamándola “contención.” Cuando la URSS colapsó, la forma y estabilidad de la Europa de Wilson reapareció. Occidente ha preservado a esta Europa a través de la Unión Europea, la OTAN y las sanciones para que Putin no restaure la esfera soviética. Los Estados Unidos debería ser claro, como lo fue Wilson alguna vez, en su apoyo a la seguridad europea. 从列宁到普京, 从威尔逊到特朗普, 美俄关系一直矛盾重重。伍德罗·威尔逊坚持认为欧洲不应受一国主导。本文仔细分析后表明, 威尔逊是”冷战勇士”(Cold War Warrior)第一人, 他对俄罗斯实行的”隔离”(quarantine)政策正是自二战结束后美国现如今对俄采取政策的先驱。他在俄国十月革命期间试图保持中立态度, 但最后因不断受到联盟压力而参与其中。尽管如此, 他将美国干预降到了最低。之后, 威尔逊隔离了实行共产主义的俄国, 这一情况直到富兰克林·罗斯福认可俄罗斯, 并与斯大林联手对抗希特勒时才结束。杜鲁门及其继任者重新实行了隔离政策, 并称之为”遏制”(containment)政策。随着苏联解体, 威尔逊式的欧洲形态和稳定性重新出现。西方国家一直通过欧盟、北大西洋公约组织和一系列对俄制裁措施维持欧洲现状, 反对普京重建苏联。美国现应清楚的是, 应该支持欧洲安全, 就像威尔逊时期一样。

Suggested Citation

  • Eugene P. Trani & Donald E. Davis, 2017. "WOODROW WILSON AND THE ORIGINS OF THE COLD WAR: A Hundred Years Later and Still Relevant," World Affairs, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 180(4), pages 25-46, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:woraff:v:180:y:2017:i:4:p:25-46
    DOI: 10.1177/0043820018762831
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