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Is Epidemiology the Key to Cumulative Risk Assessment?

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  • Jonathan I. Levy

Abstract

Although cumulative risk assessment by definition evaluates the joint effects of chemical and nonchemical stressors, studies to date have not considered both dimensions, in part because toxicological studies cannot capture many stressors of interest. Epidemiology can potentially include all relevant stressors, but developing and extracting the necessary information is challenging given some of the inherent limitations of epidemiology. In this article, I propose a conceptual framework within which epidemiological studies could be evaluated for their inclusion into cumulative risk assessment, including a problem formulation/planning and scoping step that focuses on stressors meaningful for risk management decisions, extension of the chemical mixtures framework to include nonchemical stressors, and formal consideration of vulnerability characteristics of the population. In the long term, broadening the applicability and informativeness of cumulative risk assessment will require enhanced communication and collaboration between epidemiologists and risk assessors, in which the structure of social and environmental epidemiological analyses may be informed in part by the needs of cumulative risk assessment.

Suggested Citation

  • Jonathan I. Levy, 2008. "Is Epidemiology the Key to Cumulative Risk Assessment?," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(6), pages 1507-1513, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:28:y:2008:i:6:p:1507-1513
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01121.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Ramya Chari & Thomas A. Burke & Ronald H. White & Mary A. Fox, 2012. "Integrating Susceptibility into Environmental Policy: An Analysis of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for Lead," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-20, March.
    2. Mary A. Fox & L. Elizabeth Brewer & Lawrence Martin, 2017. "An Overview of Literature Topics Related to Current Concepts, Methods, Tools, and Applications for Cumulative Risk Assessment (2007–2016)," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-28, April.
    3. Margaret M. MacDonell & Richard C. Hertzberg & Glenn E. Rice & J. Michael Wright & Linda K. Teuschler, 2018. "Characterizing Risk for Cumulative Risk Assessments," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(6), pages 1183-1201, June.
    4. Jonathan I. Levy & M. Patricia Fabian & Junenette L. Peters, 2015. "Meta‐Analytic Approaches for Multistressor Dose‐Response Function Development: Strengths, Limitations, and Case Studies," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(6), pages 1040-1049, June.
    5. Susan C. Wason & Thomas J. Smith & Melissa J. Perry & Jonathan I. Levy, 2012. "Using Physiologically-Based Pharmacokinetic Models to Incorporate Chemical and Non-Chemical Stressors into Cumulative Risk Assessment: A Case Study of Pesticide Exposures," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 9(5), pages 1-13, May.
    6. Ari S. Lewis & Sonja N. Sax & Susan C. Wason & Sharan L. Campleman, 2011. "Non-Chemical Stressors and Cumulative Risk Assessment: An Overview of Current Initiatives and Potential Air Pollutant Interactions," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 8(6), pages 1-54, June.
    7. Steffen Andreas Schüle & Gabriele Bolte, 2015. "Interactive and Independent Associations between the Socioeconomic and Objective Built Environment on the Neighbourhood Level and Individual Health: A Systematic Review of Multilevel Studies," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(4), pages 1-31, April.

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