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Allee Effects and the Risk of Biological Invasion

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  • John M. Drake

Abstract

The Allee effect is a nonlinear phenomenon exhibited in the population dynamics of sparse populations in which the per capita population growth rate increases with increasing population density. In sufficiently sparse populations, the Allee effect may lead to extinction and is known to generate a threshold in the probability of establishment when presented as a function of introduced population size or density. As introduced populations are generally small, Allee effects are probably common in biological invasions and their consideration is necessary for accurately assessing the risk of invasion by many species, including all sexually reproducing species. Bythotrephes longimanus, an invasive, freshwater, cladoceran zooplankter from Europe, is one such species. Here, I review a previously published model of the Allee effect for continuously sexually reproducing species. Then, I develop a new model for seasonally parthenogenetic species such as Bythotrephes, and thereby demonstrate the potential consequences of Allee effects. This result underscores the importance of considering nonlinear phenomena, including thresholds, when conducting risk analysis for biological introductions.

Suggested Citation

  • John M. Drake, 2004. "Allee Effects and the Risk of Biological Invasion," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(4), pages 795-802, August.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:24:y:2004:i:4:p:795-802
    DOI: 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00479.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Carol A. Stepien & Joshua E. Brown & Matthew E. Neilson & Mark A. Tumeo, 2005. "Genetic Diversity of Invasive Species in the Great Lakes Versus Their Eurasian Source Populations: Insights for Risk Analysis," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 25(4), pages 1043-1060, August.
    2. Saifuddin, Md. & Biswas, Santanu & Samanta, Sudip & Sarkar, Susmita & Chattopadhyay, Joydev, 2016. "Complex dynamics of an eco-epidemiological model with different competition coefficients and weak Allee in the predator," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 270-285.
    3. Wright, R.W., 2008. "The geometry of transient crashes and their dependence on demographic rates," Theoretical Population Biology, Elsevier, vol. 73(2), pages 300-306.
    4. Heikkila, Jaakko, 2006. "Economics of invasive alien species: pre-emptive versus reactive control," Discussion Papers 11865, MTT Agrifood Research Finland.

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