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Risk Assessment of Virus in Drinking Water

Author

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  • Charles N. Haas
  • Joan B. Rose
  • Charles Gerba
  • Stig Regli

Abstract

The reevaluation of drinking water treatment practices in a desire to minimize the formation of disinfection byproducts while assuring minimum levels of public health protection against infectious organisms has caused it to become necessary to consider the problem of estimation of risks posed from exposure to low levels of microorganisms, such as virus or protozoans, found in treated drinking water. This paper outlines a methodology based on risk assessment principles to approach the problem. The methodology is validated by comparison with results obtained in a prospective epidemiological study. It is feasible to produce both point and interval estimates of infection, illness and perhaps mortality by this methodology. Areas of uncertainty which require future data are indicated.

Suggested Citation

  • Charles N. Haas & Joan B. Rose & Charles Gerba & Stig Regli, 1993. "Risk Assessment of Virus in Drinking Water," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(5), pages 545-552, October.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:riskan:v:13:y:1993:i:5:p:545-552
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.1993.tb00013.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Hetty Blaak & Gretta Lynch & Ronald Italiaander & Raditijo A Hamidjaja & Franciska M Schets & Ana Maria de Roda Husman, 2015. "Multidrug-Resistant and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Dutch Surface Water and Wastewater," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 10(6), pages 1-16, June.
    2. Bradford W. Gutting & Andrey Rukhin & Ryan S. Mackie & David Marchette & Brandolyn Thran, 2015. "Evaluation of Inhaled Versus Deposited Dose Using the Exponential Dose‐Response Model for Inhalational Anthrax in Nonhuman Primate, Rabbit, and Guinea Pig," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(5), pages 811-827, May.
    3. Charles N. Haas, 2002. "The Role of Risk Analysis in Understanding Bioterrorism," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(4), pages 671-677, August.
    4. Tucker Burch, 2019. "Validation of Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Using Epidemiological Data from Outbreaks of Waterborne Gastrointestinal Disease," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 39(3), pages 599-615, March.
    5. Michael Greenberg & Charles Haas & Anthony Cox & Karen Lowrie & Katherine McComas & Warner North, 2012. "Ten Most Important Accomplishments in Risk Analysis, 1980–2010," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(5), pages 771-781, May.
    6. Hamilton, Andrew J. & Boland, Anne-Maree & Stevens, Daryl & Kelly, Jim & Radcliffe, John & Ziehrl, Angelika & Dillon, Peter & Paulin, Bob, 2005. "Position of the Australian horticultural industry with respect to the use of reclaimed water," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 71(3), pages 181-209, February.
    7. Régis Pouillot & Pascal Beaudeau & Jean‐Baptiste Denis & Francis Derouin & AFSSA Cryptosporidium Study Group, 2004. "A Quantitative Risk Assessment of Waterborne Cryptosporidiosis in France Using Second‐Order Monte Carlo Simulation," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 24(1), pages 1-17, February.
    8. Philip J. Schmidt & Katarina D. M. Pintar & Aamir M. Fazil & Edward Topp, 2013. "Harnessing the Theoretical Foundations of the Exponential and Beta‐Poisson Dose‐Response Models to Quantify Parameter Uncertainty Using Markov Chain Monte Carlo," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 33(9), pages 1677-1693, September.
    9. S. R. Petterson, 2016. "Application of a QMRA Framework to Inform Selection of Drinking Water Interventions in the Developing Context," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(2), pages 203-214, February.
    10. Charles N. Haas, 2002. "On the Risk of Mortality to Primates Exposed to Anthrax Spores," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(2), pages 189-193, April.
    11. Laura X. Henao‐Herreño & Ana M. López‐Tamayo & Juan P. Ramos‐Bonilla & Charles N. Haas & Johana Husserl, 2017. "Risk of Illness with Salmonella due to Consumption of Raw Unwashed Vegetables Irrigated with Water from the Bogotá River," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(4), pages 733-743, April.
    12. Tingting Gao & Rong Chen & Yanzheng Liu & Xiaochang C. Wang & Yuyou Li, 2018. "Construction of a Dose–Illness Relationship via Modeling Morbidity and Application to Risk Assessment of Wastewater Reuse," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 38(8), pages 1672-1684, August.
    13. Michael S. Williams & Eric D. Ebel & David Vose, 2011. "Framework for Microbial Food‐Safety Risk Assessments Amenable to Bayesian Modeling," Risk Analysis, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(4), pages 548-565, April.
    14. Vincent Tesson & Michel Federighi & Enda Cummins & Juliana de Oliveira Mota & Sandrine Guillou & Géraldine Boué, 2020. "A Systematic Review of Beef Meat Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment Models," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(3), pages 1-28, January.

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