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Unlocking the Puzzle: Exploring Income Inequality and Uncertainty in Asian Nations

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  • Cong Minh Huynh
  • Khanh Nam Pham

Abstract

In a comprehensive study across 32 Asian countries and territories spanning 2002–2018, we unveil the surprising impact of uncertainty on income inequality. Contrary to conventional expectations, our analysis reveals a fascinating trend: heightened uncertainty appears to wield a dual impact on income distribution. While it diminishes the income shares of both the richest and the poorest segments of society, the reduction is far more pronounced among the wealthiest quintile. Surprisingly, this outcome leads to a lessening of income inequality. The results are robust with fixed effects, feasible generalized least squares, and especially panel vector autoregression (PVAR) to tackle endogeneity concerns. The findings imply that in a more stable environment, the rich enjoy a higher growth of income than the poor, while in higher uncertainty, the income of the rich drops more dramatically than that of the poor. Thus, policymakers should take this into consideration for appropriately making income redistribution policies during normal and crisis periods, especially considering the varying impact of uncertainty on different segments of society. 在一项涵盖2002年至2018年亚洲32个国家和地区的综合研究中, 我们揭示了不确定性对收入不平等的惊人影响。与传统预期相反, 我们的分析揭示了一个有趣的趋势:不确定性的加剧似乎对收入分配产生了双重影响。虽然它减少了社会最富裕和最贫穷阶层的收入份额, 但最富裕的五分之一阶层的收入减少更为明显。令人惊讶的是, 这一结果减少了收入不平等。结果对“固定效应、可行的广义最小二乘法, 尤其是面板向量自回归(PVAR)来解决内生性问题”具有稳健性。研究结果暗示, 在更稳定的环境中, 富人的收入增长高于穷人, 而在更高的不确定性下, 富人的收入下降幅度远大于穷人。因此, 决策者应考虑到这一点, 在正常和危机时期适当制定收入再分配政策, 特别是考虑到不确定性对社会不同阶层的不同影响。 En un estudio exhaustivo de 32 países y territorios asiáticos que abarca desde 2002 hasta 2018, revelamos el sorprendente impacto de la incertidumbre en la desigualdad del ingreso. Contrariamente a las expectativas convencionales, nuestro análisis revela una tendencia fascinante: una mayor incertidumbre parece tener un doble impacto en la distribución del ingreso. Si bien disminuye la participación en el ingreso de los segmentos más ricos y más pobres de la sociedad, la reducción es mucho más pronunciada entre el quintil más rico. Sorprendentemente, este resultado conduce a una disminución de la desigualdad del ingreso. Los resultados son robustos con efectos fijos, mínimos cuadrados generalizados factibles y, especialmente, regresión vectorial de panel (PVAR) para abordar las preocupaciones de endogeneidad. Los hallazgos implican que, en un entorno más estable, los ricos disfrutan de un mayor crecimiento del ingreso que los pobres, mientras que en una mayor incertidumbre, el ingreso de los ricos cae más drásticamente que el de los pobres. Por lo tanto, los responsables de las políticas deberían tener esto en cuenta para diseñar políticas de redistribución del ingreso adecuadas durante períodos normales y de crisis, especialmente considerando el impacto variable de la incertidumbre en diferentes segmentos de la sociedad.

Suggested Citation

  • Cong Minh Huynh & Khanh Nam Pham, 2025. "Unlocking the Puzzle: Exploring Income Inequality and Uncertainty in Asian Nations," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 17(1), March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:17:y:2025:i:1:n:e70000
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.70000
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