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Approximation of crime, poverty, and misery index across quasi‐democratic and dictatorship regimes in Pakistan: Static and dynamic analysis

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  • Aadil Hameed Shah
  • Atta Ullah Khan
  • Abdul Saboor
  • Muhammad Iftikhar‐ul‐Husnain

Abstract

The study explores the nexus of crime rate, misery indices, and poverty in Pakistan for longer and shorter periods by using time series data (1965–2018). Granger causality and autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) approaches have been used to examine the long run and short run associations. Results indicate that all variables cause the crime rate unidirectionally, while the ARDL model states that misery index, poverty, and crime rate are cointegrated. Interestingly, any change in the poverty and misery index during the long run makes people violent, which ultimately fosters the crime rate. Finally, the error correction mechanism demonstrates the quick adjustment process and about 72% and 68% disequilibrium in crime rate from its equilibrium path is corrected every year. It is evident through the study results that democratic governments have been less effective than dictatorships to address the socioeconomic aspects of human life; rather functioning as a government of the people, by the people and for the people. 本研究使用时间序列数据(1965‐2018),探究了巴基斯坦犯罪率、痛苦指数和贫困之间的短期和长期复杂关系。使用格兰杰因果关系检验和自回归分布滞后模型(ARDL)分析长期和短期关系。分析结果显示,所有变量都从单向造成犯罪率,而ARDL模型表明,痛苦指数、贫困和犯罪率呈协整关系。有趣的是,长期来看,贫困和痛苦指数产生的任何变化都会引起人的暴力倾向,并最终造成犯罪。最后,误差修正模型(ECM)证明了快速调整过程,并且长期的平衡路径中每年大约有72%和68%的犯罪率不平衡得以修正。研究结果证明,相比起独裁政府,民主政府在应对人类生活的社会经济方面不那么有效;而是充当民有、民治、民享的政府。 El estudio explora el nexo de la tasa de criminalidad, los índices de miseria y la pobreza en Pakistán durante períodos más largos y más cortos utilizando datos de series temporales (1965‐2018). Los enfoques de causalidad de Granger y ARDL se han utilizado para examinar las asociaciones a corto y largo plazo. Los resultados indican que todas las variables causan la tasa de delincuencia unidireccionalmente, mientras que el modelo ARDL establece que el índice de miseria, la pobreza y la tasa de delincuencia están cointegrados. Curiosamente, cualquier cambio en el índice de pobreza y miseria a largo plazo hace que las personas sean violentas, lo que en última instancia fomenta la tasa de criminalidad. Finalmente, ECM demuestra el rápido proceso de ajuste y cada año se corrige entre un 72 % y un 68 % de desequilibrio en la tasa de criminalidad con respecto a su trayectoria de equilibrio. Es evidente a través de los resultados del estudio que los gobiernos democráticos han sido menos efectivos que las dictaduras para abordar los aspectos socioeconómicos de la vida humana; más bien funcionando como un gobierno del pueblo, por el pueblo y para el pueblo.

Suggested Citation

  • Aadil Hameed Shah & Atta Ullah Khan & Abdul Saboor & Muhammad Iftikhar‐ul‐Husnain, 2022. "Approximation of crime, poverty, and misery index across quasi‐democratic and dictatorship regimes in Pakistan: Static and dynamic analysis," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 14(1), pages 50-68, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:14:y:2022:i:1:p:50-68
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.331
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    References listed on IDEAS

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