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Poverty and terrorism in Africa: Understanding the nexus based on existing levels of terrorism

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  • Chimere O. Iheonu
  • Hyacinth E. Ichoku

Abstract

Prevailing literature recognizes that poverty may not act as a significant factor that spurs the level of terrorist activities. However, literature on the relationship between poverty and terrorism in Africa remains sparse. This study, therefore, investigates the influence of poverty on terrorism in 26 African countries from 2000 to 2017 in a panel data environment. Findings from the two‐stage least square regression, with standard errors which are heteroskedastic and autocorrelation consistent, show that poverty significantly raises the level of terrorism incidents. However, after accounting for unobserved heterogeneity, we find that the positive relationship between poverty and terrorism becomes insignificant. Further findings employing the instrumental variable quantile regression with fixed effects show that the existing levels of terrorism incidents matter for the impact of poverty on terrorism incidents. The result shows that the impact of poverty on terrorism is only significant at the median. Furthermore, economic growth, political stability, income inequality, and unemployment matter for terrorism in Africa. The study highlights that poverty is not a determining factor for terrorism in Africa when compared to economic growth, political stability, and unemployment. Recommendations are such that inclusive growth, political stability, and unemployment reduction should be prioritized in Africa. 大量文献认为,贫困可能不是刺激恐怖主义活动程度的显著因素。不过,鲜有研究分析非洲贫困与恐怖主义之间的关系。因此,本文通过面板数据研究2000‐2017年间26个非洲国家中贫困对恐怖主义产生的影响。异方差和自相关一致的两阶段最小二乘回归得出的研究发现表明,贫困会显著提高恐怖活动程度。不过,将未观测异质性考虑在内后,我们发现贫困与恐怖主义之间的正关系变得不显著。进一步研究发现(应用工具变量分位数回归和固定效应)表明,在贫困对恐怖活动产生的影响一事中,恐怖活动的当前程度发挥了重要作用。研究结果表明,贫困对恐怖主义的影响仅在中等程度的恐怖活动中是显著的。此外,经济增长、政治稳定性、收入不平等和失业对非洲恐怖主义产生重要影响。本研究强调,当与经济增长、政治稳定性及失业相比较时,贫困并不是非洲恐怖主义的决定性因素。本文建议,非洲应聚焦于包容性增长、政治稳定性和减少失业率。 La literatura predominante reconoce que la pobreza puede no actuar como un factor significativo que estimule el nivel de actividades terroristas. Sin embargo, la literatura sobre la relación entre pobreza y terrorismo en África sigue siendo escasa. Por lo tanto, este estudio investiga la influencia de la pobreza en el terrorismo en 26 países africanos entre 2000 y 2017 en un entorno de datos de panel. Los hallazgos de la regresión de mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas con errores estándar que son heterocedásticos y con autocorrelación consistentes muestran que la pobreza aumenta significativamente el nivel de incidentes de terrorismo. Sin embargo, después de considerar la heterogeneidad no observada, encontramos que la relación positiva entre pobreza y terrorismo se vuelve insignificante. Otros hallazgos que emplean la regresión cuantílica de variables instrumentales con efectos fijos muestran que el nivel existente de incidentes de terrorismo es importante para el impacto de la pobreza en los incidentes de terrorismo. El resultado muestra que el impacto de la pobreza sobre el terrorismo solo es significativo en la mediana. Además, el crecimiento económico, la estabilidad política, la desigualdad de ingresos y el desempleo son importantes para el terrorismo en África. El estudio destaca que la pobreza no es un factor determinante del terrorismo en África en comparación con el crecimiento económico, la estabilidad política y el desempleo. Las recomendaciones son tales que se debe dar prioridad al crecimiento inclusivo, la estabilidad política y la reducción del desempleo en África.

Suggested Citation

  • Chimere O. Iheonu & Hyacinth E. Ichoku, 2021. "Poverty and terrorism in Africa: Understanding the nexus based on existing levels of terrorism," Poverty & Public Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 13(3), pages 254-272, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:povpop:v:13:y:2021:i:3:p:254-272
    DOI: 10.1002/pop4.318
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