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The influence of mineral earth hummocks on subsurface drainage in the continuous permafrost zone

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  • W. L. Quinton
  • P. Marsh

Abstract

Mineral earth hummocks are one of the most widely distributed forms of patterned ground in the permafrost areas of the world, yet little is known of their hydrological role in the drainage of hillslopes. The impact of earth hummocks on subsurface drainage was studied at three hillslope plots during the snow‐free periods of 1993 and 1994 at a small hummock‐covered Arctic tundra watershed (Siksik Creek) in north‐western Canada. Subsurface drainage occurs preferentially through the unfrozen saturated layer of the inter‐hummock area, owing to its relatively high permeability and connected nature. The inter‐hummock area is composed of primary channels, oriented in the downslope direction, and secondary channels, obstructed from conducting water directly downslope. Because of their very low hydraulic conductivity, earth hummocks obstruct hillslope drainage. As a result, the spatial distribution of earth hummocks on a hillslope influences the average tortuosity of the individual inter‐hummock channels that comprise the hillslope drainage network. The time required for runoff water to reach the streambank increases with increasing tortuosity of inter‐hummock channels. Earth hummocks attenuate subsurface flows owing to seepage between the hummocks and the inter‐hummock area. Hummocks also displace the water table in the inter‐hummock area upward into a zone where the hydraulic conductivity can be orders of magnitude higher. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Les sols à buttes constituent une des formes de sols structurés les plus répandues de la zone du pergélisol quoique leur rôle hydrologique dans le drainage des versants reste toujours peu connu. L'impact des sols à buttes sur le drainage subsuperficiel a été étudié en trois endroits de la toundra pendant les périodes sans neige de 1993 et de 1994 sur une ligne secondaire de partage des eaux du Siksik Creek dans le Canada du nord‐ouest. Un drainage souterrain se produit préférentiellement à travers la couche non gelée saturée des dépressions localisées entre les buttes en relation avec leur perméabilité relativement élevée et leur nature interconnectée. La zone entre les buttes est composée de chenaux primaires orientés dans la direction de la pente et de chenaux secondaires ne conduisant pas directement l'eau au bas du versant. En conséquence, la distribution spatiale des buttes sur la pente influence la tortuosité moyenne des chenaux individuels qui serpentent entre les buttes en formant le réseau de drainage du versant. Le temps requis pour que les eaux s'écoulant atteignent la berge d'un cours d'eau augmente avec la tortuosité des chenaux inter‐buttes. Les buttes de terre atténuent les écoulements subsuperficiels dus à l'infiltration entre les buttes et dans la zone inter‐buttes. Les buttes déplacent aussi la nappe aquifère vers une zone inter‐buttes où la conductivité hydraulique peut être de plusieurs ordres de grandeur plus élevée. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • W. L. Quinton & P. Marsh, 1998. "The influence of mineral earth hummocks on subsurface drainage in the continuous permafrost zone," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(3), pages 213-228, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:9:y:1998:i:3:p:213-228
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199807/09)9:33.0.CO;2-E
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    1. Eva Stephani & Margaret M. Darrow & Mikhail Kanevskiy & Frank Wuttig & Ronald P. Daanen & Jaimy A. Schwarber & Guy Doré & Yuri Shur & Mark T. Jorgenson & Peppi Croft & Jeremiah S. Drage, 2023. "Hillslope erosional features and permafrost dynamics along infrastructure in the Arctic Foothills, Alaska," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(2), pages 208-228, April.

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