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The relationship between frost heave and downslope soil movement: field measurements in the Japanese Alps

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  • Norikazu Matsuoka

Abstract

This paper presents three years of data on soil movement on two alpine slopes. Automatic instrumentation provided data on ground surface heaving and downslope subsurface debris displacements. Manual measurements of painted lines indicated downslope surface debris displacements. Observations highlight the role of diurnal frost heaving in soil movements. Frost heave of up to 3 cm takes place 30 to 70 times per year, reflecting both needle ice growth and/or near‐surface ice lens formation. The frost heave activity is accompanied by downslope displacements of the uppermost 20 cm of soil. The surface debris moves downslope at a velocity of about 50 cm a−1 on the 30° slope and about 5 cm a−1 on the 14° slope. The potential frost creep predicted by the cumulative heave amount considerably underestimates the surface velocity on the 30° slope, and slightly overestimates it on the 14° slope. The surface velocity on both slopes is nearly proportional to the second power of the slope gradient. These conditions demonstrate that steeper slopes are dominated by the rolling of surface debris resulting from the downslope bending of ice needles. Velocity profiles are discontinuous below the surface debris, probably reflecting the differential movement by needle ice creep and frost creep. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Des observations ont été recueillies pendant deux années sur les mouvements du sol de deux pentes alpines. Des instruments automatiques ont fourni des données sur le soulèvement de la surface du sol et les déplacements de débris enfouis. Des déformations de lignes de couleur ont permis de mesurer les déplacements de surface. Les observations soulignent le rôle du soulèvement diurne du sol par le gel dans les mouvements du sol. Un soulèvement de la surface de plus de 3 cm se produit 30 à 70 fois par an, faisant apparaitre à la fois la croissance des aiguilles de glace et la formation de lentilles de glace près de la surface. Ces soulèvements par le gel sont accompagnés du déplacement des 20 cm supérieurs du sol. Les débris de surface se déplacent à une vitesse d'environ 50 cm par an sur une pente de 30° et d'environ 5 cm par an sur une pente de 14°. Le creep potentiel dû au gel que prédit la somme des soulèvements, sous‐estime considérablement la vitesse des débris de surface sur la pente de 30° et surestime légèrement celle‐ci sur la pente de 14°. La vitesse de surface sur les deux pentes est presque proportionnelle à la seconde puissance de l'inclinaision de la pente. Ces conditions démontrent que sur les pentes les plus raides domine le roulage des débris de surface résultant de la courbure vers la pente des aiguilles de glace. Les profils de vitesse sont discontinus sous les débris de surface et montrent probablement les mouvements différentiels dus d'une part au creep des aiguilles de glace et d'autre part à celui du creep dû au gel. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Norikazu Matsuoka, 1998. "The relationship between frost heave and downslope soil movement: field measurements in the Japanese Alps," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 9(2), pages 121-133, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:9:y:1998:i:2:p:121-133
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199804/06)9:23.0.CO;2-C
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