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Permafrost Distribution and Temperatures in Europe During the Younger Dryas

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  • René F. B. Isarin

Abstract

Permafrost distribution and temperatures in Europe during the Younger Dryas stadial are reconstructed based on an assessment of periglacial phenomena attributed to this cold interval. The significance of immature ice‐wedge casts showing characteristics of both ice‐wedge casts and frost cracks is discussed. Careful evaluation of periglacial features enables quantification of the mean annual air temperature and mean temperature of the coldest month. Results suggest that, during the coldest part of the Younger Dryas, continuous permafrost existed north of ∼54°N (i.e. in Fennoscandia and the northern part of the British Isles and Ireland). Mean annual air temperatures at sea level near or below −8°C and mean temperatures of the coldest month well below −20°C are deduced for this zone. Discontinuous permafrost was present between 54°N and 50°N (i.e. in central and southern England and Ireland, The Netherlands, upland Belgium, northern Germany and Poland). It is suggested that in this zone mean annual air temperatures were between −8°C and −1°C, with mean temperatures of the coldest month above −20°C. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. La répartition du pergélisol et les températures de l'Europe pendant le Dryas récent sont reconstituées sur la base d'une étude critique des phénomènes périglaciaires attribués à cet intervalle froid. La signification de fentes de gel peu développées montrant des caractéristiques à la fois de fentes de gel à remplissage de glace et de fissures de gel, est discutée. Une évaluation soigneuse des phénomènes périglaciaires conduit à une quantification de la température moyenne annuelle de l'air et à celle du mois le plus froid. Les résultats suggèrent que pendant la période la plus froide du Dryas récent, un permafrost continu a existé au nord du 54° de latitude nord en Scandinavie et dans la partie septentrionale des Iles Britanniques et d'Irlande. Les températures moyennes annuelles de l'air au niveau de la mer auraient été inférieures ou égale à −8°C tandis que les températures moyennes du mois le plus froid auraient été en dessous de −20°C. Un pergélisol discontinu était présent entre 54 et 50°N au centre et au sud de l'Angleterre, aux Pays‐Bas, dans les parties élevées de la Belgique, au nord de l'Allemagne et en Pologne. Il est proposé de considérer que, dans cette zone, les températures moyennes annuelles de l'air ont été abaissées d'une valeur comprise entre −8°C et −1°C, avec des températures moyennes du mois le plus froid inférieures à −20°C. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • René F. B. Isarin, 1997. "Permafrost Distribution and Temperatures in Europe During the Younger Dryas," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(3), pages 313-333, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:8:y:1997:i:3:p:313-333
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199709)8:33.0.CO;2-E
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