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Cold‐Climate Aeolian Sand‐Sheet Formation in North‐Western Europe (c. 14–12.4 ka); a Response to Permafrost Degradation and Increased Aridity

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  • C. Kasse

Abstract

During the late Weichselian (c. 14–12.4 ka BP) an extensive aeolian sand sheet formed in north‐western Europe. Factors that favoured formation were: (i) thick, unconsolidated, fluvial and fluvioglacial, sandy Quaternary deposits that acted as a sand source; (ii) a sparse vegetation cover; (iii) generally low relief (lower than 200 m) and absence of major topographic barriers; (iv) periodically low sand availability due to the wet, frozen or cemented state of the surface; and, of particular importance, (v) permafrost degradation and increased aridity. Permafrost degradation resulted from climate warming after the Last Glacial Maximum. Increased infiltration and enhanced water storage capacity of the unconsolidated sandy soil resulted in a drier soil surface and an increase in aeolian processes. The absence of overland flow favoured the preservation of aeolian deposits. Increased aridity during the sand‐sheet phase is inferred from a decreased drainage density and floodplain width. This arid phase is attributed to a major deglacial meltwater event and southward flow of cold waters in the North Atlantic Ocean between 14.2 and 13.2 ka. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. A la fin de la dernière glaciation (aux environs de 14–12,4 ka B.P.), une couverture extensive de sables éoliens s'est formée dans le Nord‐Ouest de l'Europe. Les facteurs qui ont favorisé l'apparition de cette formation sont les suivants: 1) la présence de dépôts sableux quaternaires épais d'origine fluviatile et fluvio‐glaciaire qui ont constitué la source des sédiments, 2) la faiblesse de la couverture végétale, 3) le relief généralement faible (moins de 200 m) et l'absence d'importantes barrières topographiques, 4) la faible durée pendant laquelles les sables ne pouvaient pas être mobilisés à la suite de leur humidité ou de la cimentation par le gel de la surface, 5) la dégradation du pergélisol et l'accroissement de l'aridité, facteur qui est considéré comme particulièrement important. La dégradation du pergélisol aurait été une conséquence du réchauffement climatique qui est survenu après le maximum de froid du dernier glaciaire. Une infiltration accrue et une augmentation de la capacité de retenue d'eau dans le sol non consolidé sableux ont donné une surface du sol plus sèche et une augmentation des processus éoliens. L'absence d'écoulement superficiel a favorisé la conservation des dépôts éoliens. Une aridité accrue pendant la phase de dépôt de la nappe sableuse est démontrée par une diminution de la densité du drainage et de largeur des plaines d'inondation. Cette phase aride est attribuée à un événement majeur de fonte des glaciers provoquent un écoulement vers le sud d'eau froide dans l'Océan Nord Atlantique entre 14.2 et 13.2 ka. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • C. Kasse, 1997. "Cold‐Climate Aeolian Sand‐Sheet Formation in North‐Western Europe (c. 14–12.4 ka); a Response to Permafrost Degradation and Increased Aridity," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(3), pages 295-311, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:8:y:1997:i:3:p:295-311
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199709)8:33.0.CO;2-0
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