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Hydrology of a Small Drainage Basin with Polar Oasis Environment, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Canada

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  • Ming‐ko Woo
  • Kathy L. Young

Abstract

The Canadian High Arctic is studded with many oases among an otherwise barren polar desert environment. This study examined the hydrological response of a small (130 km2) catchment to the climatic and vegetation conditions special to the polar oasis environment. Hot Weather Creek basin is located on Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, which is protected in summer from the inroad of cold air from the Arctic Ocean and sheltered from many storms. Its precipitation is among the lowest in Canada. Low pre‐melt snow accumulation, high sublimation, early and rapid melt characterize the spring conditions. Evaporation is enhanced by longer and warmer summers than polar deserts located at comparable latitudes, though evapotranspiration may be inhibited by low rainfall which restricts the moisture supply. Snowmelt plays a prominent role in controlling the timing and the amount of spring discharge of Hot Weather Creek. Streamflow follows a pattern typical of the Arctic nival regime. A three‐year water balance study indicates that snowmelt is the primary water source for the recharge of basin storage. A year with low winter snowfall but high rainfall will not yield much runoff since most of the summer rain is lost to evapotranspiration. The hydrological behaviour of Hot Weather Creek basin is more akin to Low Arctic catchments than to polar desert basins of the High Arctic. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Le haut Arctique canadien est parsemé d'oasis distribuées au milieu du désert polaire. La présente étude examine la résponse hydrologique d'un petit bassin (130 km2) exposé aux conditions climatiques et ayant une végétation caractéristique d'un environnement d'oasis polaire. Le bassin du “Hot Weather Creek” localisé sur la péninsule de Fosheim (île d'Ellesmere), est protégé en été de l'air froid de l'Océan Arctique et est à l'abri de nombreuses tempêtes. Les précipitations y sont les plus faibles de tout le Canada. Une lente accumulation de neige, une importante sublimation ainsi qu'une fonte rapide des neiges caractérisent les conditions du printemps. L'évaporation est amplifiée par des étés plus longs et plus chauds que ceux des déserts polaires situés à la même latitude, quoique l'évaporation peut être inhibée par les faibles précipitations qui limitent l'apport d'humidité. La fusion de la neige joue un rôle remarquable en contrôlant la période et la quantité d'écoulement de printemps dans le “Hot Weather Creek”. L'écoulement fluviatile est caractéristique d'un régime arctique nival. Une étude poursuivie pendant 3 ans indique que la fusion de la neige est la première source d'eau alimentant les réserves du bassin. Une année avec de faibles précipitations neigeuses en hiver et avec de fortes pluies ne provoque pas beaucoup d'écoulement car la majorité de la pluie d'été est perdue par évapotranspiration. Le comportement hydrologique du “Hot Weather Creek” est plus proche de celui des bassins du bas Arctique que de celui de désert polaire du haut Arctique. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Ming‐ko Woo & Kathy L. Young, 1997. "Hydrology of a Small Drainage Basin with Polar Oasis Environment, Fosheim Peninsula, Ellesmere Island, Canada," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(3), pages 257-277, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:8:y:1997:i:3:p:257-277
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199709)8:33.0.CO;2-T
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