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Weathering of Quartzite on a Cryoplanation Terrace in Northern Yukon, Canada

Author

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  • Bernard M. Lauriol
  • André E. Lalonde
  • Véronique Dewez

Abstract

Sub‐horizontal cryoplanation terraces are ideal laboratories to study the weathering of rock in Arctic environments. The terraces are developed in mechanically isotropic rock, are generally not greatly perturbed by gravity processes, and show blocks that have been exposed to the weathering elements for varying time. The terrace studied, herein named the Ptarmigan terrace, is 180 m in length along the slope and occurs in Precambrian chlorite‐bearing green quartzite on a mountain to the north of the village of Old Crow (Yukon). The blocks of quartzite on the terrace tread record two distinct weathering events. Near the talus, the blocks show a breakdown of the chlorite and the dissolution of accessory pyrite grains. The results of this first event are the production of a white quartzite with enhanced porosity and the nearly complete leaching of iron from the rock. The second event involves the reintroduction of iron to form rusty‐brown rinds that are composed principally of goethite. These rinds increase in thickness with distance from the scarp towards the slope of the mountain. The second event is developed when iron is reintroduced into the porous rocks as water‐soluble compounds are drawn into the blocks by capillary forces. Occasionally, a reddish‐purple front, presumably composed of hematite, is found to encroach more deeply into the blocks. In these blocks we speculate that the rock acted as a chromatographic column and separated the different ionic species into two fronts. The first event occurs mainly at the scarp of the terrace where a persistent snowpatch maintains moist and slightly acidic conditions in the ground. In contrast, the second event occurs on the tread where arid conditions prevail. By analogy with other studies in similar rocks, the formation of the terrace may be mid‐Pleistocene. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Les terrasses sub‐horizontales constituent des laboratoires idéaux pour l'étude de l'altération des roches en milieu arctique. Elles sont développées dans des roches isotropes, ne sont généralement pas perturbées par les processus de gravité, et ont des roches exposées aux éléments de météorisation pour des durées de temps variables. La terrasse étudiée, dénommée terrasse Ptarmigan, a une longueur de 180 m le long de la pente. Elle est développée dans une quartzite verte à chlorite précambrienne. Elle se trouve sur une montagne au nord du village d'Old Crow (Yukon). Les blocs sur le replat de la terrasse enregistrent deux événements d'altération. Près du talus, la chlorite des blocs est dégénérée et les quelques grains de pyrite originellement présents sont dissous. Ce premier événement mène à une quartzite blanchie, plus poreuse et dont le fer est presque complètement lessivé. Le second événement comprend une ré‐introduction du fer et produit des cortex brun‐rouille sur les blocs. L'épaisseur du cortex, composé surtout de goethite, augmente du talus jusqu'au versant de la montagne. Ce deuxième événement survient lorsque le fer est ré‐introduit sous forme d'espèces solubles transportées dans l'eau absorbée par capillarité dans les blocs poreux. Certains blocs présentent un deuxième cortex plus profond de couleur rouge‐violacé probablement causée par de l'hématite. Sur ces blocs, il est possible que la roche poreuse ait séparé les espèces ioniques par effet chromatographique. Le premier événement d'altération se produit surtout à la base du talus où la persistance d'un banc de neige maintient le sol humide et légèrement acide. En contraste, la deuxième altération survient sur le replat de la terrasse où les conditions sont arides. Par analogie avec des études conduites sur des roches semblables, la formation de la terrasse Ptarmigan pourrait dater du Pléistocène moyen. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard M. Lauriol & André E. Lalonde & Véronique Dewez, 1997. "Weathering of Quartzite on a Cryoplanation Terrace in Northern Yukon, Canada," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 8(2), pages 147-153, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:8:y:1997:i:2:p:147-153
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199732)8:23.0.CO;2-R
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