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Ground temperature and related permafrost characteristics in west greenland

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  • Frank G. M. Van Tatenhove
  • Ole B. Olesen

Abstract

Shallow and surficial ground temperatures in west Greenland are presented and reviewed together with available deep temperature profiles in the unglaciated area of west and southwest Greenland. Ground temperature measurements in Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord) reveal a temperature at the depth of zero annual amplitude, TZAA, of −1.6 ± 0.2°C. The average thickness of the active layer is 1.7 m and the permafrost thickness is estimated to be 127 ± 31 m. The permafrost thickness in Sisimiut (Holsteinborg) is estimated to be 33 ± 9m with TZAA at −0.3 ± 0.1°C. In Sisimiut, the average active layer thickness is 2.3 m. Between Kangerlussuaq and the ice sheet margin, permafrost is continuous and the active layer thickness is between 0.15 and 5.0m. The interactions between geomorphology, wind pattern, snowcover characteristics and paths of snow meltwater play an important role in determining the variability in ground temperature and permafrost thickness over short distances. The distribution and redistribution of available water are especially important in the low‐precipitation area near the ice margin in central west Greenland. Therefore soil temperatures tend to be colder in low‐lying, organic‐rich soils with dense vegetation than in sandy, inorganic soils with discontinuous vegetation. Within a west Greenland perspective, ground temperature in Sisimiut is relatively warm and in Kangerlussuaq relatively cold owing to their respectively more oceanic and continental climatic regimes. Des températures du sol mesurées en surface et à faible profondeur sont présentées et considérées en měme temps que des profils de température profonde dans des régions non couvertes des glace de l'ouest et du sud‐ouest du Groenland. Au niveau où se localise une variation annuelle nulle (Izaa), la temperature du sol à Kangerlussuaq (Søndre Strømfjord) est de −1.6°C (± 0.2°C). L'épaisseur moyenne de la couche active est en cet endroit de 1,7 m et l'épaisseur du pergélisol est estimée à 127 (± 31) m. L'épaisseur du pergélisol à Sisimiut (Holsteinborg) est estimée à 33 (± 9)m, et l'épaisseur moyenne de la couche active à 2,30m. Entre Kangerlussuaq et la bordure de la calotte glaciaire, le pergélisol est continu et l'épaisseur de la couche active est comprise entre 0,15m et 5,0m. Les interactions entre la geomorphologie, la direction des vents, la couverture de neige et les voies de circulation de l'eau de fonte de neige jouent un rôrle important dans les variations sur de courtes distances de la température du sol et de l'épaisseur du pergélisol. La distribution et la redistribution de l'eau disponible sont spécialement importantes dans les régions de faibles précipitations due Groenland occidental central proches de la bordure glaciaire. Les températures du sol tendent à être plus froides dans les sols des régions basses, riches en matières organizues et couverts d'une végétation dense que dans les sols ableux inorganiques sur lesquels existe une végétation discontinue. Dans le cadre du Groenland occidental, la température du sol à Sisimiut est relativement chaude et à Kangerlussuaq relativement froide si l'on consideère leur régime climatique respectivement plus océnique et continental.

Suggested Citation

  • Frank G. M. Van Tatenhove & Ole B. Olesen, 1994. "Ground temperature and related permafrost characteristics in west greenland," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 5(4), pages 199-215, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:5:y:1994:i:4:p:199-215
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430050402
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