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Climate controls and high‐altitude permafrost, qinghai‐xizang (tibet) Plateau, China

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  • Baolai Wang
  • Hugh M. French

Abstract

The high altitude‐induced permafrost of the Tibet Plateau reflects a geothermal regime characterized by a strong diurnal pattern, high solar radiation inputs at the surface, and a high geothermal gradient. As a result, the permafrost is relatively [warm] and sensitive to thermal disturbance. Typical permafrost‐related processes, such as ice segregation and thermal contraction cracking, are not widespread, and patterned ground phenomena (circles and nets) are restricted to sites of locally high moisture and variable grain size. Ice‐rich sediments on north‐facing slopes occur mainly as silty colluviums derived from local argillaceous bedrock. Mean annual ground temperatures are usually warmer than −3.5°C. Temperatures at 20 m depth have increased by an average of 0.2 to 0.3°C during the past 15 years. If one assumes continued warming, permafrost is likely to become relict within the next 200 years, and an increase in degradation (i.e. thermokarst processes) is to be expected. Le pergélisol de haute altitude du plateau du Tibet reflète un régime géothermique caractérisé par une variation diurne importante, des effets d'une grande radiation solaire à la surface et un gradient géothermique éléve. En conséquence, le pergélisol est relativement [chaud] et sensible aux perturbations thermiques. Les processus lié s à la présence d'un pergélisol tels que la glace de ségrégation et les fissures de contraction thermique, ne sont pas fréquents et les sols structuraux périglaciaires (cercles et réseaux) sont limilés aux sites où l'humidité est élevée et la granulométrie variée. Des sédiments riches en glace ont été trouvés sur les pentes exposées au Nord lorsque des colluvions silteuses y existent. Les températures moyennes annuelles du sol sont généralement plus chaudes que −3.5°C. Les températures à 20 m de profondeur ont augmenté en moyenne de 0.2 à 0.3°C pendant les 15 dernières années. Si le réchauffement se poursuit, le pergélisol deviendra probablement relict dans les 200 prochaines années et une augmentation des processus de dégradation thermokarstique doit ětre attendue.

Suggested Citation

  • Baolai Wang & Hugh M. French, 1994. "Climate controls and high‐altitude permafrost, qinghai‐xizang (tibet) Plateau, China," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 5(2), pages 87-100, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:5:y:1994:i:2:p:87-100
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430050203
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