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Streamflow processes in an alpine permafrost catchment, tianshan, China

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  • Ming‐Ko Woo
  • Zhenniang Yang
  • Zhaojun Xia
  • Daqing Yang

Abstract

The Cirque Basin, Tianshan, China is characterized by steep slopes, coarse surficial deposits and a cold climate that maintains permafrost at shallow depths. These conditions exert strong influences on the streamflow processes. In late winter, freezing of the infiltrated meltwater from an uneven snow cover enables ground ice formation. This renders parts of the active layer impervious to seepage, and in the spring both surface and subsurface flows can occur to supply water to the stream. In summer, the coarse materials facilitate rapid infiltration and exfiltration. Where the channel slope is steep, as in the upper basin, infiltration results in a dry stream bed but deep percolation is prevented by a shallow frost table. Exfiltration prevails in the lower basin where the channel gradient is reduced, and streamflow increases rapidly within half a kilometre, from zero to its maximum values at the gauging station. Water balance analysis yields a high runoff ratio of 0.75 for this basin and this is comparable with other tundra areas. The streamflow processes observed in this basin should be applicable to other non‐polar alpine catchments. Le “Cirque Basin” (Tianshan, Chine) est caractérisé par des pentes raides, des dépǒts superficiels grossiers et un climat froid qui maintient le pergélisol à de faibles profondeurs. Ces conditions exercent de fortes influences sur les processus d'écoulement des eaux. A la fin de l'hiver, le regel de l'eau de fonte infiltrée à partir d'une couverture neigeuse irrégulière permet la formation de glace dans le sol. Cela rend des parties de la couche active imperméable et au printemps, à la fois des écoulements de surface et subsuperficiels peuvent intervenir pour fournir de l'eau aux ruisseaux. En été, le matériau grossier facilite l'infiltration rapide des eaux. Quand la pente longitudinale du chenal est raide, comme dans les parties supérieures du bassin, l'infiltration provoque l'assèchement du lit du cours d'eau, mais toutefois une percolation profonde ne peut se produire car le sol est gelé à faible profondeur. Dans le bassin inférieur, lorsque la pente du chenal se réduit, l'écoupment des eaux augmente rapidement en 500 mètres et passe de zéro jusqu'à son maximum à la station de jaugeage. L'analyse de l'écoulement conduit à estimer le coefficient d'écoulement à 0,75 pour ce bassin. Cette valeur est comparable avec ce que l'on trouve dans d'autre régions de toundra. Les processus d'écoulement observés dans le bassin devraient ětre applicables à d'autres bassins alpins non polaires.

Suggested Citation

  • Ming‐Ko Woo & Zhenniang Yang & Zhaojun Xia & Daqing Yang, 1994. "Streamflow processes in an alpine permafrost catchment, tianshan, China," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 5(2), pages 71-85, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:5:y:1994:i:2:p:71-85
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430050202
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    Cited by:

    1. Geoffrey G. L. Kershaw & Michael C. English & Brent B. Wolfe, 2023. "Seasonally distinct runoff–recharge partitioning in an alpine tundra catchment," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 34(1), pages 94-107, January.

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