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An approach to determine the origin and age of massive ice blockages in two arctic caves

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  • Bernard Lauriol
  • Ian D. Clark

Abstract

Massive ice formations found blocking karst cave passages in alpine and permafrost regions are not uncommon, although their origin and age are not readily apparent. With two examples from northern Yukon, we present an approach to elucidate the mode of formation, using stable isotopes, ice fabric and the time of formation by the radiocarbon activity of cryogenic powder found in such ice. These data are supported by 14C dates on associated animal and plant remains. Ice formation is sensitive to seasonal air circulation patterns, with condensation from warm humid air flowing inward along the cave roof in summer, and sublimation by cold dry air penetrating along the cave floor in winter. Massive ice blocking the two caves is shown to form by gradual accumulation of floor ice from below, and accretion of hexagonal ice growing down from the cave roof. Les accumulations de glace massive qui ferment les galeries dans les cavernes des domaines alpins et périglaciaires sont fréquentes, mais leur origine et leur ǎge sont souvent indéterminës. A partir de deux exemples du Yukon septentrional, nous présentons une approche pour comprendre leur formation. Les isotopes stables et les fabriques de cristaux de glace expliquent les modalités de leur mise en place. L'activité du radiocarbone de la poudre de calcite cryogène trouvée dans la glace étudiée aide à en connaǐtre l'ǎge. Ces résultats sont appuyés par des datations 14C effectuées sur des restes d'animaux et de plantes récoltés dans les cavernes. La croissance de la glace est sensible à circulation saisonnière de l'air. En été il y a un phénomène de condensation à partir de l'air humide qui longe le plafond. En hiver il se produit un phénomène de sublimation à partir de l'air froid qui arrive en longeant le plancher. D'après nos analyses la glace qui obstruant les deux cavernes étudiées se forme par une accumulation graduelle de glace de plancher dans la partie basse, et par l'accrétion de cristaux de glace hexagonanalee à partir du plafond.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Lauriol & Ian D. Clark, 1993. "An approach to determine the origin and age of massive ice blockages in two arctic caves," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 4(1), pages 77-85, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:4:y:1993:i:1:p:77-85
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430040107
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