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Cavity development in ice‐rich permafrost, Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, northwest territories

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  • James A. Hyatt

Abstract

Cavity development in ice‐rich permafrost at Pangnirtung followed a large rainstorm and runoff event in 1984. The cavities evolved along permeable zones in sediments containing segregated ice lenses. Cavities promoted subsurface flow and incremental collapse of the ground surface. Once formed, cavities remained relatively stable where they were free to drain, and where the enclosing ground remained frozen and rigid support was provided. Some cavities closed by infilling with sediment or freezing water, or by deformation of the surrounding frozen ground. Other cavities were enlarged by thermo‐erosional piping, a process involving both thermal and mechanical erosion of frozen ground together with sufficiently rapid throughflow to prevent refreezing. A classification of cavities in permafrost permits qualitative appraisal of their stability with respect to the depth of zero annual temperature change and the degree of natural arching support. Assessment based on elastic plate theory indicates that seasonal temperature changes are important factors in destabilizing near‐surface cavities. Des cavitées dans un pergélisol riche en glace sont apparues à Pangnirtung après des précipitations importantes ayant donné en 1984 naissance à une phase de ruissellement. Les cavitées sont apparues dans des zones perméables où les sédiments contenaient des lentilles de glace de ségrégation. Certaines ont engendré un écoulement sub‐superficiel et un éffondrement de la surface du sol. Une fois formées les cavitées sont restées relativement stables lorsqu'elles étaient drainées et lorsque le sol voisin était resté gelé et rigide. D'autres cavitées ont été élargies par “piping” dǔ à la thermo‐érosion, un processus impliquant à la fois une érosion thermique et mécanique du sol gelé et se produisant pour autant que l'écoulement soit assez rapide pour prévenir le gel de l'eau qui s'écoule. Une classification des cavités formées dans le pergélisol permet une évaluation qualitative de leur stabilité en tenant compte de la profondeur à laquelle se situe l'amplitude annuelle nulle de température et le degré de rsistance de l'arche naturelle. Une estimation basée sur la théorie des plaques élastiques indique que le changements de température saisonnièr est le facteur important de déstabilisation des cavitées proches de la surface.

Suggested Citation

  • James A. Hyatt, 1992. "Cavity development in ice‐rich permafrost, Pangnirtung, Baffin Island, northwest territories," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 3(4), pages 293-313, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:3:y:1992:i:4:p:293-313
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430030404
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