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Creep of alpine permafrost, investigated on the murtel rock glacier

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  • Stephan Wagner

Abstract

Borehole and surface deformation measurements from an active rock glacier in the eastern Swiss Alps are presented and analysed. Borehole deformation was measured by slope indicator and magnetic rings. Analysis of these measurements reveal two layers which behave quite differently. The upper, highly supersaturated (i.e. ice) layer undergoes steady‐state creep (corresponds to a surface velocity of 5.5 to 6.0 cm/yr), overriding a non‐deforming lower layer of saturated (structured) permafrost. Seventy‐five per cent of the deformation takes place in a weak transitional zone, in the middle of the permafrost. Geodetic surveying shows, in contrast to the borehole measurements, a velocity variation in time by a factor of two. A constitutive law (Glen's flow law) was applied and the viscosity ratio between the upper ice layer and the weak transition zone was determined. Des mesures des déformations d'un trou de sondage et celles de la surface d'un glacier rocheux actif dans les Alpes de l'Est de la Suisse sont présentées et analysées. Les déformations du sondage ont été mesurées avec un inclinomètre et la localisation des mesures a été déterminée grǎce à des anneaux magnetiques. L'analyse de ces mesures fait apparaǐtre deux couches qui se comportent de manière tout à fait différente. La couche supérieure, hautement supersaturée en glace montre une déformation lente et constante qui correspond à une vitesse de surface de 5,5 à 6 cm par an. Ce mouvement surmonte une couche inférieure de pergélisol saturé ne présentant pas de déformation. 75% de la différence de vitesse entre ces deux couches se localise dans une zone de transition située au milieu du pergélisol. Les levés géodésiques montrent contrairement aux observations faites dans le sondage, une variation selon un facteur de deux de la vitesse au cours du temps. La loi de fluage de Glen a été appliquée et la relation de viscosité entre la couche de glace supérieure et la zone de transition été déterminée.

Suggested Citation

  • Stephan Wagner, 1992. "Creep of alpine permafrost, investigated on the murtel rock glacier," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 3(2), pages 157-162, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:3:y:1992:i:2:p:157-162
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430030214
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