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Frost weathering of rocks in the presence of salts‐a review

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  • R. B. G. Williams
  • D. A. Robinson

Abstract

In many temperate and cold regions, rocks containing salt in solution are subject to frost action. Although the salts depress the freezing point of water, their most common effect at subzero temperatures is to increase the intensity of rock breakdown. Different mechanisms to explain why salts often accelerate frost weathering are outlined and their possible applicability to the weathering of different rocks undergoing different frost regimes is assessed. It is concluded that, because different salt solutions exhibit different crystallization behaviour at subzero temperatures, resulting in varied proportions of water, ice and salt crystals, more than one mechanism is likely to be responsible for rock breakdown. The importance of the different mechanisms will vary with the composition and strength of the salt solution, the temperature regime, the rock type and other factors. Dans beaucoup de régions tempérées et froides, des roches contenant une solution saline sont soumises à l'action du gel. Quoique les sels abaissent la température de congélation de l'eau, leur effet le plus commun sur les roches aux températures inférieures à zéro degré est d'augmenter l'intensité de la gélivation. Les mécanismes invoqués pour expliquer comment le sel accélère souvent la gélivation sont définis, et leur application possible à l'altération de différentes roches subissant divers régimes de gel est précisée. En conclusion, parce que différentes solutions salines montrent des comportements différents au point de vue de la cristallisation à des températures inférieures à 0 ºC et que ceux‐ci résultent dans des proportions variées d'eau, de glace et de cristaux de sel, il est probable que plusieurs mécanismes sont responsables de la rupture des roches. L'importance des différents mécanismes varie avec la composition et la concentration de la solution saline, le régime de température, le type de roche et d'autres facteurs.

Suggested Citation

  • R. B. G. Williams & D. A. Robinson, 1991. "Frost weathering of rocks in the presence of salts‐a review," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(4), pages 347-353, October.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:2:y:1991:i:4:p:347-353
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430020410
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