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Global solar radiation, soil temperature and permafrost in the Central Andes, Argentina: A progress report

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  • Lothar Schrott

Abstract

During various expeditions to the High Andes of Argentina at latitudes 30º and 33º south, extensive geomorphological investigations have been carried out. The subtropical semiarid climate is characterized by intense global radiation with peaks of more than 1400 W/m2 and daily sums of >39 MJ/m2. The daily amplitudes of the soil temperatures (≤25 cm depth) correlate with incoming radiation. Diurnal ranges of soil surface temperature (1 cm) usually exceed 45ºC, with maximum values of 55ºC at 4150 m a.s.l. Active rock glaciers exist above 4000 m a.s.l. and the thickness of the active layer varies from 1.4 to 2.5 m between 4000 and 4700 m a.s.l. Periglacial features (rock glaciers, thermokarst, gelifluction, etc.) are widespread. They are used as edaphic indicators for the lower limit of discontinuous permafrost, which is thought to be at an elevation of 4000 ± 200 m a.s.l. Plusieurs expéditions scientifiques ont été menées sur la ceinture périglaciare des Hautes Andes Argentines, entre 30é et 33º S, qui ont permis d'y développer des recherches géomorphologiques extensives. Le climat subtropical de cette zone se caractérise par une radiation globale intense, avec des pics dépassant 1400 W/m2 et des valeurs totales journalières de plus de 39 MJ/m2. Les amplitudes de la température mesurée au sol, entre 0 et 25 cm de hauteur, sont bien corrélées avec la radiation recue. Ces mémes amplitudes prises à 1 cm du sol atteignent souvent 45°C avec des valeurs maximales de 55°C à 4150m de hauteur. Des glaciers rocheux existent au dessus de 4000 m d'altitude par rapport au niveau de la mer, avec des épaisseurs pour la couche active variant de 1.4 a 2.5 m entre 4000 et 4700 m d'altitude. Les phénomènes périglaciaires (glaciers rocheux, thermokarst, gélifluction, etc.) sont fréquents, et utilisés comme indicateurs édaphiques de la limite inférieure du permafrost discontinu alpin local, qui est proposé se situer à une élévation de 4000 ± 200 m d'altitude.

Suggested Citation

  • Lothar Schrott, 1991. "Global solar radiation, soil temperature and permafrost in the Central Andes, Argentina: A progress report," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(1), pages 59-66, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:2:y:1991:i:1:p:59-66
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430020110
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