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Cryoplanation surfaces in the central andes at latitude 35º S

Author

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  • Santiago A. Grosso
  • Arturo E. Corte

Abstract

A survey of cryoplanation surfaces in the Andean mountain range near latitude 35º south, and longitude 70º west shows cryoplanation surfaces are present on plutonic, volcanic, sedimentary and metamorphic rocks. Gypsum mountains above the lower limit of permafrost do not show cryoplanation. Most cryoplanation terraces are in areas with mean annual air temperature below −1ºC, (i.e. above the lowest limit of sporadic permafrost at 2800 m). The largest cryoplanation surfaces are observed on sedimentary rocks and located in areas where mean annual air temperatures are near 0ºC. Possibly, these surfaces are inactive under the present climate and were formed in a colder, past cryogenic episode. The largest cryoplanation surfaces are formed in sedimentary rocks, followed by volcanic, metamorphic and intrusive rocks. Gypsum rocks of low frost susceptibility (non‐porous) do not produce cryoplanation terraces. Cryoplanation is thought to be the result of frost shattering, frost heave and gelifluction of frost‐susceptible (porous) rocks in a climate with numerous freeze‐thaw cycles. Un relevé des surfaces de cryoplanation des montagnes andines près de 35º de latitude S et 70º de longitude W montre que des surfaces de cryoplanation existent sur des roches plutoniques, volcaniques, sédimentaires et métamorphiques. Des montagnes de roches gypseuses localisées audessus de la limite inférieure du pergélisol ne montrent pas de trace de cryoplanation. La majorité des terrasses de cryoplanation sont dans des régions où la température moyenne annuelle de l'air est inférieure a −1ºC, c'est‐á‐dire au‐dessus de la limite inférieure du pergélisol sporadique qui se trouve à 2800 m. Les plus grandes surfaces de cryoplanation sont observées sur des roches sédimentaires et localisées dans des régions où les températures moyennes annuelles de l'air sont proches de 0ºC. Il est possible que ces surfaces soient inactives sous le climat actuel et qu'elles aient été formées autrefois sous un épisode cryogénique plus froid. Dans l'ordre, les plus grandes surfaces de cryoplanation sont formées dans des roches sédimentaires, puis dans des roches volcaniques, métamorphiques et intrusives. Les roches gypseuses de faible susceptibilité au gel (car non poreuses) ne portent pas de terrasses de cryoplanation. La cryoplanation résulte sans doute de la gélifraction, du soulèvement par le gel et de processus de gélifluxion dans des roches (poreuses) susceptibles au gel et exposées à un climat avec de nombreux cycles gel‐dégel.

Suggested Citation

  • Santiago A. Grosso & Arturo E. Corte, 1991. "Cryoplanation surfaces in the central andes at latitude 35º S," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(1), pages 49-58, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:2:y:1991:i:1:p:49-58
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430020109
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