Author
Abstract
The cirque‐like hollows of the Lesotho high Plateau and its South African extension are a class of erosional landform attributed to processes active during Pleistocene cold phases. The hypothesis that these hollows are the product of glaciation is examined by a morphological analysis based on 12 parameters from a population of 628 hollows. Eight parameters were derived from map analysis. The survey extends over 156000 km2 between latitudes 28º30′ S and 30º00′ S. The data were considered by latitudinal belts subdivided into the Escarpment region and the Interior. Most hollows are 800‐1000 m wide, almost circular and relatively shallow. Hollow distribution is related to plateau residuals on Drakensberg Formation basalt. Hollow frequency and density are greatest adjacent to the Great Escarpment between latitudes 29º S and 30º S and diminish westwards towards the Interior. Indices of Flatness, as a means of differentiation between cirques of glacial and nival origin, were computed. Only 27% fall unequivocally into the glacial size class; a further 29% are intermediate in depth. The correlation of hollow frequency, density and morphological variability with areas of high present‐day precipitation and high altitudes support the hypothesis. The strong northern orientation and strong preference for hollows on the leeside of ridges aligned NW‐SE and E‐W is attributed to snow‐bearing southerly and southwesterly winds. This also supports the hypothesis. The conclusion is reached that weak cirque glaciation occurred on the high plateau at least once during the Pleistocene. Les dépressions semblables à des cirques du Haut Plateau du Lesotho, dépressions fréquentes en Afrique du Sud sont des formes d'érosion attribuées aux processus actifs pendant les phases froides du Pléistocene. L'hypothèse que ces dépressions résultent d'une glaciation est examinée par une analyse morphologique basée sur 12 paramètres considérés sur une population de 628 dépressions. Huit paramètres proviennent d'une analyse des cartes. L'étude couvre 156,000 Km2 entre les latitudes de 28º30′S et 30º00′S. Les données ont été considérées en zones latitudinales, subdivisées en région de l'escarpement et celle de l'intérieur du plateau. La majorité des dépressions sont larges de 800 à 1000 m, presque circulaires et relativement peu profondes. Leur distribution peut être mise en relation avec des restes du plateau correspondant à la formation basaltique du Drakensberg. La fréquence des dépressions et leur densité sont les plus grandes à proximité du Grand Escarpement entre les latitudes de 29ºS et 30ºS et diminuent en directed de l'Ouest vers l'intérieur. Des indices de l'importance du relief comme moyen de différenciation entre des cirques glaciaires et des formes nivales ont été calculés. 27% seulement tombent sans équivoque dans la classe des formes glaciaires; la profondeur de 29% des dépressions pourrait indiquer aussi des formes glaciaires. La corrélation entre la fréquence des dépressions, leur densité et leur variabilité morphologique dans des regions de precipitations actuelles elevees et de hautes altitudes supportent cette hypothbse glaciaire. Sur des rides alignkes NW‐SE et E‐W, l'orientation septentrionale des depressions et leur forte frkquence sur les c6tts sous le vent, sont attributes aux vents Venus du S et SW apportant la neige. Cela est en accord avec l'hypothbse glaciaire. La conclusion est qu'une faible glaciation de cirque s'est produite sur le Haut Plateau au moins une fois pendant le Pleistocene.
Suggested Citation
Margaret E Marker, 1991.
"The evidence for cirque glaciation in Lesotho,"
Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(1), pages 21-30, January.
Handle:
RePEc:wly:perpro:v:2:y:1991:i:1:p:21-30
DOI: 10.1002/ppp.3430020106
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