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Permafrost Map for Norway, Sweden and Finland

Author

Listed:
  • Kjersti Gisnås
  • Bernd Etzelmüller
  • Cristian Lussana
  • Jan Hjort
  • A. Britta K. Sannel
  • Ketil Isaksen
  • Sebastian Westermann
  • Peter Kuhry
  • Hanne H. Christiansen
  • Andrew Frampton
  • Jonas Åkerman

Abstract

A research‐based understanding of permafrost distribution at a sufficient spatial resolution is important to meet the demands of science, education and society. We present a new permafrost map for Norway, Sweden and Finland that provides a more detailed and updated description of permafrost distribution in this area than previously available. We implemented the CryoGRID1 model at 1 km2 resolution, forced by a new operationally gridded data‐set of daily air temperature and snow cover for Finland, Norway and Sweden. Hundred model realisations were run for each grid cell, based on statistical snow distributions, allowing for the representation of sub‐grid variability of ground temperature. The new map indicates a total permafrost area (excluding palsas) of 23 400 km2 in equilibrium with the average 1981–2010 climate, corresponding to 2.2 per cent of the total land area. About 56 per cent of the area is in Norway, 35 per cent in Sweden and 9 per cent in Finland. The model results are thoroughly evaluated, both quantitatively and qualitatively, as a collaboration project including permafrost experts in the three countries. Observed ground temperatures from 25 boreholes are within ± 2 °C of the average modelled grid cell ground temperature, and all are within the range of the modelled ground temperature for the corresponding grid cell. Qualitative model evaluation by field investigators within the three countries shows that the map reproduces the observed lower altitudinal limits of mountain permafrost and the distribution of lowland permafrost. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Kjersti Gisnås & Bernd Etzelmüller & Cristian Lussana & Jan Hjort & A. Britta K. Sannel & Ketil Isaksen & Sebastian Westermann & Peter Kuhry & Hanne H. Christiansen & Andrew Frampton & Jonas Åkerman, 2017. "Permafrost Map for Norway, Sweden and Finland," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 28(2), pages 359-378, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:28:y:2017:i:2:p:359-378
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.1922
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    Cited by:

    1. Sarah M. Strand & Hanne H. Christiansen & Margareta Johansson & Jonas Åkerman & Ole Humlum, 2021. "Active layer thickening and controls on interannual variability in the Nordic Arctic compared to the circum‐Arctic," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 32(1), pages 47-58, January.
    2. Jianan Hu & Shuping Zhao & Zhuotong Nan & Xiaobo Wu & Xuehui Sun & Guodong Cheng, 2020. "An effective approach for mapping permafrost in a large area using subregion maps and satellite data," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 31(4), pages 548-560, October.

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