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Genetic differences of rock glaciers and the discontinuous mountain permafrost zone in Kanchanjunga Himal, Eastern Nepal

Author

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  • Mamoru Ishikawa
  • Teiji Watanabe
  • Naohiro Nakamura

Abstract

A number of rock glaciers, including glacier‐derived and talus‐derived rock glaciers, were identified in Kanchanjunga Himal, easternmost Nepal. DC resistivity imagings were applied to representative rock glaciers of both types. The distribution of resistivity values in the subsurface within these rock glaciers was significantly different. A massive glacial ice body was found within the glacier‐derived rock glacier, suggesting this rock glacier originated from glacial dead ice (ice‐cored rock glacier). The lower limits of discontinuous mountain permafrost zone in Kanchanjunga Himal were inferred from the distribution of talus‐derived rock glaciers (ice‐cemented rock glaciers) and the estimated mean annual air temperature. The lower limit of the discontinuous mountain permafrost zone is 4800 m ASL on the north‐facing slopes, while 5300 m ASL on the south‐ to east‐facing slopes. These altitudes were considerably higher than those of the western Himalaya, which are under dry continental climatic conditions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Plusieurs glaciers rocheux comprenant à la fois des formes dérivéees de vrais glaciers et des formes provenant de la mise en mouvement de talus, ont été identifiés dans le Kanchanjunga Himal, dans le Népal le plus oriental. Des images par résistivité DC ont été obtenues pour des glaciers représentatifs des deux catégories. La distribution des valeurs de résistivité en profondeur dans ces glaciers rocheux a été significativement différente. Un corps de glace massif a été trouvé dans le glacier rocheux provenant d'un vrai glacier suggérant qu'il s'agissait de glace morte glaciaire (glacier rocheux à noyau de glace). Les limites inférieures de la zone du pergélisol discontinu dans le Kanchanjungga Himal ont été déduites de la distribution des glaciers rocheux provenant de talus (glaciers rocheux avec de la glace ciment) et d'une estimation de la température moyenne annuelle de l'air. La limite inférieure de la zone du pergélisol discontinu de montagne est de 4800 m d'altitude sur les pentes exposées au nord, tandis que la limite est de 5300 m sur les pentes exposées au sud. Ces altitudes sont considérablement plus élevées que celles de l'ouest de l'Himalaya exposé à des conditions climatiques continentales sèches. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Mamoru Ishikawa & Teiji Watanabe & Naohiro Nakamura, 2001. "Genetic differences of rock glaciers and the discontinuous mountain permafrost zone in Kanchanjunga Himal, Eastern Nepal," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(3), pages 243-253, September.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:12:y:2001:i:3:p:243-253
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.394
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    Cited by:

    1. Alton C. Byers & Milan Shrestha & Andrew Zackary & Elizabeth A. Byers & Broughton Coburn & Teiji Watanabe & Mohan B. Chand, 2024. "The Changing Ecology of a High Himalayan Valley: Challenges to the Sustainable Development of the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, Eastern Nepal," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-22, March.
    2. Alton C. Byers & Mohan Bahadur Chand & Jonathan Lala & Milan Shrestha & Elizabeth A. Byers & Teiji Watanabe, 2020. "Reconstructing the History of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOF) in the Kanchenjunga Conservation Area, East Nepal: An Interdisciplinary Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(13), pages 1-27, July.

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