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Three deep Alpine‐permafrost boreholes in Svalbard and Scandinavia

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  • Ketil Isaksen
  • Per Holmlund
  • Johan Ludvig Sollid
  • Charles Harris

Abstract

The presence and thermal character of permafrost reflect past and present surface energy balances plus the heat flux from the Earth's interior. Analysis of permafrost ground temperatures constitutes a key research tool for detecting thermal anomalies caused by twentieth‐century warming. Three deep boreholes in alpine permafrost were drilled in Svalbard and Scandinavia and form part of the latitudinal transect of mountain permafrost boreholes through the mountains of Europe established under the EU PACE (Permafrost and Climate in Europe) project. The northernmost borehole in the transect, at Janssonhaugen (depth 102 m), western Svalbard (78°10′46′′N, 16°28′01′′E, 270 m ASL) was drilled in May 1998. In Scandinavia, boreholes were drilled at Tarfalaryggen (depth 100 m), northern Sweden (67°55′09′′N, 18°38′29′′E, 1550 m ASL) in March 2000 and at Juvvasshøe (depth 129 m), southern Norway (61°40′32′′N, 08°22′04′′E, 1894 m ASL) in August 1999. Permafrost thickness at Janssonhaugen is estimated as approximately 220 m. The temperature profiles on Tarfalaryggen and Juvvasshøe show anomalously low geothermal gradients, indicating low heat flow through thick permafrost (∼350 m and ∼380 m respectively). Palaeoclimatic analysis based on inversion modelling of the ground temperature measurements at Janssonhaugen shows near surface warming of 1.5 ± 0.5 °C during the twentieth century. Both the Tarfalaryggen and Juvvasshøe boreholes also reveal thermal anomalies, which reflect a surface warming over the past decades, with a magnitude of approximately 0.5–1.0 °C. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. RÉSUMÉ L'existence d'un pergélisol ainsi que ses caractères thermiques reflètent la balance entre l'énergie de surface (passée et actuelle) et le flux de chaleur interne de la terre. L'étude des températures du pergélisol constitue ainsi une recherche fondamentale pour détecter les anomalies thermiques dues au réchauffement du vingtième siècle. Trois sondages profonds dans le pergélisol alpin ont été réalisés au Svalbard et en Scandinavie. Ils constituent une partie du transect en latitude de sondages du pergélisol de montagne réalisé dans le cadre du projet de l'Union Européenne Pace (Pergélisol et Climat en Europe). Le sondage le plus septentrional du transect a été foré en mai 1998 à Janssonhaugen (profondeur 102 m), à l'ouest de Svalbard (78°10′46′′N, 16°28′01′′E, à 270 m d'altitude). En Scandinavie, des sondages ont été réalisés en mars 2000 à Tarfallaryggen (profondeur 100 m) au nord de la Suède (67°55′09′′N, 18°38′29′′E, à 1550 m d'altitude) et en août 1999 à Juvvasshoe (profondeur 129 m), au sud de la Norvège (61°40′32′′N, 08°22′04′′E, à 1894 m d'altitude). L'épaisseur du pergélisol à Janssonhaugen est approximativement de 220 m. Les profils de température à Tarfalaryggen et à Juvvasshoe montrent des gradients géothermiques anormalement faibles, indiquant un faible écoulement de chaleur au travers d'un pergélisol épais (respectivement d'environ 350 m et 380 m). Des analyses paléoclimatiques basées sur un modèle d'inversion des mesures de la température du sol à Janssonhaugen indiquent un réchauffement près de la surface de 1.5 0.5 °C pendant le 20e siècle. A la fois à Tarfalarygen et à Juvvasshoe, les anomalies thermiques existantes révèlent un réchauffement de la surface d'une ampleur de approximative de 0.5 à 1.0 °C au cours des dernières décades

Suggested Citation

  • Ketil Isaksen & Per Holmlund & Johan Ludvig Sollid & Charles Harris, 2001. "Three deep Alpine‐permafrost boreholes in Svalbard and Scandinavia," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 12(1), pages 13-25, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:12:y:2001:i:1:p:13-25
    DOI: 10.1002/ppp.380
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    1. Komi S Messan & Robert M Jones & Stacey J Doherty & Karen Foley & Thomas A Douglas & Robyn A Barbato, 2020. "The role of changing temperature in microbial metabolic processes during permafrost thaw," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(4), pages 1-20, April.

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