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Arctic soils: spatial distribution, zonality and transformation due to global change

Author

Listed:
  • S. V. Goryachkin
  • N. A. Karavaeva
  • V. O. Targulian
  • M. V. Glazov

Abstract

Published and unpublished information on Arctic soils, soil‐forming factors and possible transformations of the soil cover due to global change are reviewed. In high latitudes the soil distribution is strongly controlled by geogenic factors (relief and substrates). Locally they transform the Arctic macroclimate, which is principally humid, to produce arid phenomena in the soil landscapes. All the soil processes from podzolization to salinization can be qualitatively distinguished in every region of the Arctic. Quantitatively, the effect of these soil‐forming processes decreases with increasing latitude. A new zonal division of Arctic soils is proposed, comprising (1) High Arctic barren (tundra), (2) Mid Arctic tundra and (3) Low Arctic and Subarctic tundra. In addition to climate warming, important consequences of global change are soil pollution and the physical disturbance of the Arctic soil cover. All the countries of the northern hemisphere are contributing to Arctic soil pollution. Winter warming associated with climate change could cause an intensification of cryoturbation in the continental part of Siberia and lead to the more active fossilization of soil carbon and the increased importance of the cryopedosphere as a carbon sink. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Des informations publiées et non publiées sur les sols arctiques, sur les facteurs qui les constituent et sur les modifications possibles de ces sols à la suite du changement climatique global sont rassemblées dans le présent article. Aux hautes latitudes, la distribution des sols est fortement contrôlée par les facteurs géogéniques (relief et le substrat). Localement, ces éléments transforment le macroclimat arctique qui est principalement humide et produisent des phénomènes arides. Tous les processus pédologiques depuis la podzolisation jusqu'à la salinisation peuvent être qualitativement reconnus dans chaque région de l'Arctique. Quantitativement, l'effet de ces processus pédologiques diminue avec l'augmentation de la latitude. Une nouvelle division zonale des sols arctiques est proposée comprenant 1) les terres stériles du haut Arctique (toundra), 2) la toundra de l'Arctique moyen et 3) la toundra du bas Arctique et du Subarctique. En plus du réchauffement du climat, des conséquences importantes du changement climatique global seront la pollution des sols et la perturbation physique des sols arctiques. Toutes les régions de l'hémisphère nord contribuent à la pollution arctique. Le réchauffement des hivers associé avec le changement climatique pourrait causer une intensification des cryoturbations dans la partie continentale de Sibérie et induire une fossilisation plus active du carbone dans le sol, ce qui augmenterait l'importance de la cryopédosphère comme un “puits” d'enfouissement du carbone. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • S. V. Goryachkin & N. A. Karavaeva & V. O. Targulian & M. V. Glazov, 1999. "Arctic soils: spatial distribution, zonality and transformation due to global change," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(3), pages 235-250, July.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:10:y:1999:i:3:p:235-250
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199907/09)10:33.0.CO;2-4
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