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Miniature temperature dataloggers for mapping and monitoring of permafrost in high mountain areas: first experience from the Swiss Alps

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  • Martin Hoelzle
  • Matthias Wegmann
  • Bernhard Krummenacher

Abstract

Measurements of bottom temperatures of the winter snow cover (BTS) constitute a well‐established method to map permafrost distribution in mountain areas. A method for continuous measurements of BTS with miniature dataloggers (MTDs) is used with a newly developed logger. This new tool is specially designed for rough field conditions. It was tested in two case studies on and around rock glaciers in Switzerland. One test site was in the Murtèl‐Corvatsch area (Upper Engadin) and the other in the Furggentälti area (Bernese Alps). The basic assumptions of the conventional BTS method were verified with continuous measurements. Important boundary conditions for BTS measurements are a sufficiently thick, undisturbed snow cover and an adequate measurement time. In autumn, before the snow cover is well developed, air circulation is still possible within the coarse active layer of rock glaciers, and heat exchange through the thin snow cover is facilitated. At the end of winter, meltwater percolation disturbs the equilibrium BTS. At the base of an artificially compacted snow cover, temperatures were influenced by atmospheric variations throughout the whole winter. Use of the new loggers is suggested as suitable for mapping and monitoring the distribution and long‐term development of mountain permafrost. Process understanding in the active layer of coarse debris material, on the other hand, needs further investigation. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. La mesure des températures sous la couverture de neige en hiver (BTS) constitue une méthode bien établie pour cartographier la distribution du pergélisol dans les régions de montagne. Des mesures continues de BTS avec des enregistreurs de données miniaturisés (MTD) ont été réalisées avec une nouvelle boite d'enregistrement. Ce nouvel instrument a été spécialement construit pour travailler dans des conditions de terrain sévères. Il a été testé en deux endroits sur et autour des glaciers rocheux de Suisse. Un site testé était dans la région de Murtèl‐Corvatsch (Engadine supérieure) et l'autre dans la région de Furggentälti (Alpes bernoises). Les affirmations de base de la méthode conventionnelle du BTS ont été vérifiées par des mesures continues. Des conditions importantes pour la réalisation de mesures BTS sont l'existence d'une couverture de neige non remaniée suffisamment épaisse et le choix d'un moment adéquat pour la mesure. En automne alors que la couverture de neige n'est pas encore bien développée, une circulation de l'air est encore possible dans la couche active grossière des glaciers rocheux et les échanges de chaleur au travers de la fine couche de neige est facilitée. A la fin de l'hiver, la percolation d'eaux de fonte perturbe l'équilibre BTS. A la base d'une couche de neige artificiellement compactée, les températures ont été influencées pendant tout l'hiver par les variations atmosphériques. L'emploi de ces nouveaux enregistreurs est probablement approprié pour cartographier et suivre la distribution et l'évolution à long terme du pergélisol de montagne. Comprendre les processus actifs dans une couche active formée de matériaux grossiers nécessite cependant des recherches plus poussées. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Martin Hoelzle & Matthias Wegmann & Bernhard Krummenacher, 1999. "Miniature temperature dataloggers for mapping and monitoring of permafrost in high mountain areas: first experience from the Swiss Alps," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(2), pages 113-124, April.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:10:y:1999:i:2:p:113-124
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199904/06)10:23.0.CO;2-A
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    1. Pavel Konstantinov & Mikhail Zhelezniak & Nikolay Basharin & Ivan Misailov & Varvara Andreeva, 2020. "Establishment of Permafrost Thermal Monitoring Sites in East Siberia," Land, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-10, November.

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