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Periglacial features developed on the exposed lake bottoms of seven lakes that drained rapidly after 1950, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula area, western Arctic coast, Canada

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  • J. Ross Mackay

Abstract

A variety of periglacial features have been studied on the exposed bottoms of seven lakes that drained rapidly after 1950 in the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula area, western Arctic coast, Canada. Ice‐wedge growth commenced as early as the first winter following drainage. In most areas, ice‐wedge growth cease within several decades, because of the growth and spread of vegetation which resulted in snow entrapment and increased ground temperatures. At sites where thermokarst lake enlargement had transgressed across terrain with ice‐wedge polygons, reactivated polygon patterns developed rapidly in some pre‐drainage shallow water areas, with the sites of former troughs becoming ridges. Excavations across the ridges exposed extensive differential frost heave, cryoturbations, and slickensided vertical shear planes. Many collapse pits developed because of differential frost heave between silts and sands, cavity formation beneath the frozen silts, and cavity infilling with adjacent sand in late summer. Other collapse pits developed, either subaqueously prior to drainage or subaerially after drainage. Underground flow has been observed, in early summer, where a near‐surface layer of ice‐rich silts was underlain by desiccated active layer sands at a temperature well below 0°C. At some sites where there has been underground flow some differential loading and water escape features appear to have developed during the thaw period. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Un grand nombre de phénomènes périglaciaires divers ont été étudiés sur les fonds de sept lacs qui ont été rapidement drainés après 1950 dans la péninsule de Tuktoyaktuk (delta du Mackenzie, Canada). La croissance de coins de glace a commencé dès le premier hiver qui a suivi le drainage. Dans la majorité des cas, la croissance des coins de glace a cessé en quelques décades à la suite de la croissance de la végétation qui a eu pour effet de retenir la neige et d'augmenter la température du sol. Aux endroits où l'élargissement du lac thermokarstique s'était étendu sur des terrains contenant des polygones de coins de glace, des réseaux de polygones réactivés se sont développés rapidement là où les eaux étaient peu profondes avant le drainage, et les fossés qui y correspondaient sont devenus des rides. Des excavations au travers de ces reliefs ont montré des soulèvements différentiels extensifs, des cryoturbations et des plans verticaux de cisaillement. De nombreuses fosses d'effondrement se sont développées à la suite de soulèvements différentiels entre des silts et des sables, la formation de cavités sous des silts gelés et le remplissage de ces vides par des sables voisins à la fin de l'été. D'autres effondrements sont apparus, à la fois sous eau avant le drainage ou d'une façon subaérienne après le drainage. Un écoulement souterrain a été observé au début de l'été à une température bien inférieure à 0°C, quand une couche de silts riche en glace et proche de la surface s'est trouvée sous des sables dessèchés de la couche active. En quelques sites où il y a eu un écoulement souterrain, quelques mouvements différentiels par densité ont eu lieu et des échappements d'eau se sont produits pendant le dégel. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Ross Mackay, 1999. "Periglacial features developed on the exposed lake bottoms of seven lakes that drained rapidly after 1950, Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula area, western Arctic coast, Canada," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(1), pages 39-63, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:10:y:1999:i:1:p:39-63
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199901/03)10:13.0.CO;2-R
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