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Gélifraction expérimentale d'arènes de roches cristallines: bilan d'essais de longue durée

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  • Bernard Etlicher
  • Jean Pierre Lautridou

Abstract

Nineteen samples of grus derived from granite and other igneous rocks from the Massif Central (France) were submitted to 1500 freeze–thaw cycles. The thermal regime was a daily alternation from −12°C to +20°C. Important frost shattering was observed on all samples, mainly at the beginning of the experiment. Grain size curves reveal significant increases (20 or 30%) in granules (1 to 5 mm particles) and fine sand (0.05 to 0.08 mm). Three types of response can be identified: (1) Coarse elements are reduced more rapidly than fine sand and silt. An increase in granules (1 to 4 mm) and stability in the sand and loam particles can be observed. Polymineral grains are substantially affected by comminution, but not quartz. (2) There is a translocation of the cumulative grain size curve, and an increase in particles at every size (granule and sand and silt). Quartz is as strongly affected by comminution as polymineral grains. (3) There is a moderate increase in granules and a strong increase in fine sand and silt. Overall, quartz and polymineral grains are at the origin of these different responses which are the result of the tectonic and structural history of the rocks from which the grus is derived. No mineral has a uniform response to freeze–thaw activity, and it is not possible to define a general resistance scale, although quartz is more susceptible than feldspar. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Dix‐neuf échantillons d'arènes meubles, issues de roches cristallines du Massif Central Français ont été soumises à 1500 cycles de gel expérimental suivant un rythme quotidien de −12°C à +20°C. L'effet de la gélifraction observée est notable surtout au début de l'expérience, conduisant à une modification sensible des courbes granulométriques. L'accroissement du poids recueilli sur les tamis, surtout important pour les granules (entre 1 et 5 mm) et les sables fins (0.05 à 0.8 mm) peut atteindre 20 à 30%. Trois groupes d'échantillons au comportement différencié peuvent être distingués par les résultats de la granulométrie et de la minéralogie aux différentes tailles. Le premier révèle une réduction plus rapide des éléments grossiers que des fines: les paramètres de classement des courbes granulométriques sont plus faibles après l'essai, et on observe un fort accroissement des granules (1 à 4 mm), une stabilité des sables et des limons. La comminution affecte les grains polyminéraux mais pas les quartz. Le deuxième groupe montre une translation de la courbe cumulative, et un accroissement des particules à toutes les tailles (granules, sables et silts). Le quartz est autant affecté par la comminution que les grains polyminéraux. Le troisième groupe montre un faible accroissement des granules et un accroissement fort du sable et des limons: les paramètres de classement des courbes granulométriques augmentent après l'essai. Le comportement des quartz et des polyminéraux semble être responsable de ces réponses différentes, en liaison avec l'histoire tectonique et structurale des roches dont sont issues les arènes. Aucun minéral n'a de comportement uniforme et il n'est pas possible de définir une échelle générale de résistance des minéraux au gel même si, le plus souvent, le quartz apparait plus gélif que les feldspaths. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Bernard Etlicher & Jean Pierre Lautridou, 1999. "Gélifraction expérimentale d'arènes de roches cristallines: bilan d'essais de longue durée," Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:perpro:v:10:y:1999:i:1:p:1-16
    DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1530(199901/03)10:13.0.CO;2-5
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