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Internal markets and the theory of the firm

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  • Jerry Ellig

    (The Mercatus Center, George Mason University, Arlington, VA, USA)

Abstract

A growing number of companies are explicitly replacing bureaucratic internal resource allocation with internal markets. But if markets work well within firms, why are there firms at all? Why does not all allocation take place on 'external' markets? This paper seeks to resolve this apparent anomaly by viewing the firm as a membership club rather than as a command structure. Members join the firm and pay its membership fee when the value of the local public goods they receive exceeds the opportunity cost of joining. Some of the most important public goods provided by firms are variously referred to as organizational capabilities, competencies, or routines. These can often be characterized as public goods because they are ultimately based on knowledge, and hence involve a degree of nonrival consumption. A firm survives when its internal environment generates value-creating capabilities, competencies, and routines. The firm will continue to exist as long as the owners of its human and physical capital find it more profitable to transact inside this environment than outside. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Suggested Citation

  • Jerry Ellig, 2001. "Internal markets and the theory of the firm," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 22(4-5), pages 227-237.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:mgtdec:v:22:y:2001:i:4-5:p:227-237
    DOI: 10.1002/mde.1013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Vitaly L. Tambovtsev, 2022. "Clusters: Coordination, inter-firm relationships and competitive advantages," Upravlenets, Ural State University of Economics, vol. 13(1), pages 20-36, March.
    3. Sanidas, Elias, 2006. "The open system of four dynamic bio-socio-economic processes of the firm: The diamond of the black box," Journal of Behavioral and Experimental Economics (formerly The Journal of Socio-Economics), Elsevier, vol. 35(3), pages 556-582, June.
    4. Egelhoff, William & Frese, Erich, 2009. "Understanding managers' preferences for internal markets versus business planning: A comparative study of German and U.S. managers," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 77-91, March.
    5. Roland Helm & Martin Kloyer & Christin Aust, 2018. "R&D Collaboration Between Firms: Hard And Soft Antecedents Of Supplier Knowledge Sharing," International Journal of Innovation Management (ijim), World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd., vol. 24(01), pages 1-42, December.

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