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Do Housing Vouchers Improve Academic Performance? Evidence from New York City

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  • Amy Ellen Schwartz
  • Keren Mertens Horn
  • Ingrid Gould Ellen
  • Sarah A. Cordes

Abstract

The Housing Choice Voucher program is currently the largest federally funded housing assistance program. Although the program aims to provide housing assistance, it also could affect children's educational outcomes by stabilizing their families, enabling them to move to better homes, neighborhoods, and schools, and increasing their disposable incomes. Using data from New York City, the nation's largest school district, we examine whether—and to what extent—housing vouchers improve educational outcomes for students whose families receive them. We match over 88,000 school‐age voucher recipients to longitudinal public school records and estimate the impact of vouchers on academic performance through a comparison of students’ performance on standardized tests after voucher receipt to their pre‐voucher performance. We exploit the conditionally random timing of voucher receipt to estimate a causal model. Results indicate that students in voucher households perform 0.05 standard deviations better in both English Language Arts and Mathematics in the years after they receive a voucher. We see significant racial differences in impacts, with small or no gains for black students but significant gains for Hispanic, Asian, and white students. Impacts appear to be driven largely by reduced rent burdens, increased disposable income, or a greater sense of residential security.

Suggested Citation

  • Amy Ellen Schwartz & Keren Mertens Horn & Ingrid Gould Ellen & Sarah A. Cordes, 2020. "Do Housing Vouchers Improve Academic Performance? Evidence from New York City," Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 39(1), pages 131-158, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:jpamgt:v:39:y:2020:i:1:p:131-158
    DOI: 10.1002/pam.22183
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    Cited by:

    1. Laura Tach & Elizabeth Day, 2023. "Better Together? Multiplier and Spillover Effects in Two-Generation Initiatives," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 706(1), pages 193-223, March.
    2. Ellen, Ingrid Gould, 2020. "What do we know about housing choice vouchers?," Regional Science and Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    3. Ellen, Ingrid Gould & O’Regan, Katherine & Strochak, Sarah, 2024. "Race, Space, and Take Up: Explaining housing voucher lease-up rates," Journal of Housing Economics, Elsevier, vol. 63(C).
    4. Claudia D. Solari & Douglas Walton & Jill Khadduri, 2021. "How Well Do Housing Vouchers Work for Black Families Experiencing Homelessness?: Evidence from the Family Options Study," The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, , vol. 693(1), pages 193-208, January.

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