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Use of physical restraints in nursing homes and hospitals and related factors: a cross‐sectional study

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  • Cornelia Heinze
  • Theo Dassen
  • Ulrike Grittner

Abstract

Aims and objectives. The aim of the study was to investigate factors related to the use of restraints and to explore whether the rate of nurses was an influencing factor regarding the use of restraints in German nursing homes and hospitals. Background. Restraints are frequently used measures in hospitals and nursing homes. Risks for falls and small nurse workforces are discussed in relation to the use of restraints. Design. A secondary analysis of a cross‐sectional study was carried out. Methods. Data were collected by trained nurses using standardised questionnaires in 76 nursing homes (n = 5521) and 15 hospitals (n = 2827). For data analysis, a 3‐level random intercept logistic model was used. Results. The prevalence of restraints (bed rails and/or belts) was 9·3% for hospital patients and 26·3% for nursing home residents. Amongst hospital patients, restraint use was more prevalent in women, older patients, patients with a high care dependency, patients who fell during the last two weeks, patients with a perceived risk of falls, polypharmacy, urinary incontinence, disorientation and confinement to bed. In the nursing homes, the restrained residents were significantly younger, more care dependent, had less falls and were more often urinary incontinent, disoriented and bedfast. The rate of nurses was not significantly related to the use of restraints in hospitals, and nursing homes according to the three‐level random intercept model. Conclusions. Hospital patients with previous falls were more often restrained, but in the nursing homes, the restrained residents experienced less falls. The number of qualified nursing staff had no significant influence on the use of physical restraints. Relevance to clinical practice. Lower nurse staffing ratios were not related to higher frequencies of restraint use in this study.

Suggested Citation

  • Cornelia Heinze & Theo Dassen & Ulrike Grittner, 2012. "Use of physical restraints in nursing homes and hospitals and related factors: a cross‐sectional study," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 21(7‐8), pages 1033-1040, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jocnur:v:21:y:2012:i:7-8:p:1033-1040
    DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03931.x
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    Cited by:

    1. Kaisa Kinnunen‐Luovi & Reetta Saarnio & Arja Isola, 2014. "Safety incidents involving confused and forgetful older patients in a specialised care setting – analysis of the safety incidents reported to the HaiPro reporting system," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 23(17-18), pages 2442-2450, September.
    2. Mohammad Suliman, 2018. "Prevalence of physical restraint among ventilated intensive care unit patients," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 27(19-20), pages 3490-3496, October.
    3. Elisa Ambrosi & Martina Debiasi & Jessica Longhini & Lorenzo Giori & Luisa Saiani & Elisabetta Mezzalira & Federica Canzan, 2021. "Variation of the Occurrence of Physical Restraint Use in the Long-Term Care: A Scoping Review," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(22), pages 1-11, November.
    4. Eun‐Hi Kong & Heeseung Choi & Lois K Evans, 2017. "Staff perceptions of barriers to physical restraint‐reduction in long‐term care: a meta‐synthesis," Journal of Clinical Nursing, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 26(1-2), pages 49-60, January.
    5. Alvisa Palese & Matteo Danielis & Chiara Cicogna & Luca Grassetti, 2020. "Does missed nursing care influence the use of physical restraint and its duration in acute medical patients? Secondary analysis of a longitudinal study," Nursing & Health Sciences, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 22(4), pages 929-940, December.

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