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Components of the Bid–Ask Spread and Variance: A Unified Approach

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  • Björn Hagströmer
  • Richard Henricsson
  • Lars L. Nordén

Abstract

We develop a structural model for the price formation and liquidity supply of an asset. Our model facilitates decompositions of both the bid–ask spread and the return variance into components related to adverse selection, inventory, and order processing costs. Furthermore, the model shows how the fragmentation of trading volume across trading venues influences inventory pressure and price discovery. We use the model to analyze intraday price formation for gold futures traded at the Shanghai Futures Exchange. We find that order processing costs explain about 50% of the futures bid–ask spread, whereas the remaining 50% is equally due to asymmetric information and to inventory costs. About a third of the variance in futures returns is attributable to microstructure noise. Trading at the spot market has a significant influence on futures price discovery, but only a limited impact on the futures bid–ask spread. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 36:545–563, 2016

Suggested Citation

  • Björn Hagströmer & Richard Henricsson & Lars L. Nordén, 2016. "Components of the Bid–Ask Spread and Variance: A Unified Approach," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(6), pages 545-563, June.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jfutmk:v:36:y:2016:i:6:p:545-563
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    Cited by:

    1. Peter G. Dunne, 2019. "Positive Liquidity Spillovers from Sovereign Bond-Backed Securities," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(2), pages 1-25, April.
    2. Aritra Pan & Arun Kumar Misra, 2022. "Assessment of Asymmetric Information Cost in Indian Stock Market: A Sectoral Approach," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 23(2), pages 512-535, April.
    3. Ryu, Doojin, 2016. "Considering all microstructure effects: The extension of a trade indicator model," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 107-110.
    4. Doojin Ryu, 2017. "Comprehensive market microstructure model: considering the inventory holding costs," Journal of Business Economics and Management, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 18(2), pages 183-201, March.

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