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Market volatility and the demand for hedging in stock index futures

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  • Eric Chang
  • Ray Y. Chou
  • Edward F. Nelling

Abstract

This study examines the relation between stock market volatility and the demand for hedging in S&P 500 stock index futures contracts. Open interest is used as a proxy for hedging demand. The analysis employs unique data that identify separately the open interest of large hedgers, large speculators, and smaller traders. Volatility estimates are decomposed into expected and unexpected components, to assess whether traders’ reactions to volatility depend upon its predictability. Results indicate that daily open interest for hedgers increases when unexpected volatility increases. Increases in unexpected volatility may cause hedgers to raise their estimates of future expected volatility, and hence increase their demand for hedging. Open interest of speculators is not related to expected volatility, and is only weakly related to unexpected volatility. The increase in the participation of hedgers in periods of higher volatility is significantly larger than the increase in the participation of speculators. The results suggest that increases in stock market volatility increase the demand for hedging. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Jrl Fut Mark 20: 105–125, 2000

Suggested Citation

  • Eric Chang & Ray Y. Chou & Edward F. Nelling, 2000. "Market volatility and the demand for hedging in stock index futures," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 20(2), pages 105-125, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:wly:jfutmk:v:20:y:2000:i:2:p:105-125
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    Cited by:

    1. Ji, Qiang & Bahloul, Walid & Geng, Jiang-Bo & Gupta, Rangan, 2020. "Trading behaviour connectedness across commodity markets: Evidence from the hedgers’ sentiment perspective," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    2. Luo, Jiawen & Klein, Tony & Ji, Qiang & Hou, Chenghan, 2022. "Forecasting realized volatility of agricultural commodity futures with infinite Hidden Markov HAR models," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 51-73.
    3. Adam E. Clements & Neda Todorova, 2016. "Information Flow, Trading Activity and Commodity Futures Volatility," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 36(1), pages 88-104, January.
    4. Lai, Ya-Wen & Lin, Chiou-Fa & Tang, Mei-Ling, 2017. "Mispricing and trader positions in the S&P 500 index futures market," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 250-265.
    5. Smimou, K., 2014. "Consumer attitudes, stock market liquidity, and the macro economy: A Canadian perspective," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 33(C), pages 186-209.
    6. Smimou, K., 2017. "Does gold Liquidity learn from the greenback or the equity?," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 461-479.
    7. Gaurav Gairola & Kushankur Dey, 2023. "Price discovery and risk management in asset class: a bibliometric analysis and research agenda," Applied Economics Letters, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 30(17), pages 2320-2331, October.
    8. Antonakakis, Nikolaos & Floros, Christos & Kizys, Renatas, 2016. "Dynamic spillover effects in futures markets: UK and US evidence," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 406-418.
    9. Henry L. Bryant & David A. Bessler & Michael S. Haigh, 2006. "Causality in futures markets," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 26(11), pages 1039-1057, November.
    10. Robe, Michel A. & Roberts, John S., 2024. "Four Commitments of Traders Reports puzzles, revisited: Answers from grains and oilseeds futures markets," Journal of Commodity Markets, Elsevier, vol. 34(C).
    11. John M. Fry & Baoying Lai & Mark Rhodes, 2011. "The interdependence of Coffee spot and futures market," Working Papers 2011.1, International Network for Economic Research - INFER.
    12. Robe, Michel A. & Roberts, John S., 2021. "20 Years of CFTC Data: Who Holds Positions in Agricultural Futures Markets?," 2021 Annual Meeting, August 1-3, Austin, Texas 313995, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    13. Abdulsalam Abidemi Sikiru & Afees A. Salisu, 2023. "Hedging against risks associated with travel and tourism stocks during COVID‐19 pandemic: The role of gold," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(2), pages 1872-1882, April.

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