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The relevance of institutions and people’s preferences in the PSNP and IN‐SCT programmes in Ethiopia

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  • Vincenzo Vinci
  • Keetie Roelen

Abstract

The effective implementation of social protection interventions is key for achieving positive change. The existing literature mainly focuses on issues related to programme design and impact, rather than the factors that influence the emergence, expansion and provision of these programmes. This article builds on the recent literature that indicates that the quality of institutions and people’s preferences play an important role in the implementation of social protection. It does so by using Ethiopia and its Productive Safety Net Programme – one of the largest social protection programmes in sub‐Saharan Africa – as a case study, thereby contributing to debates on how to implement social protection more effectively, particularly in settings of widespread poverty and relatively low levels of institutional capacity. Based on primary qualitative data, the article finds that greater institutional quality at the local level is associated with the more effective provision of social protection. The ability of community members and social protection clients to voice preferences can lead to adaptations in implementation, although the extent to which this occurs is highly gendered. La mise en œuvre effective des interventions de protection sociale est cruciale pour obtenir un changement positif. La littérature existante se concentre avant tout sur des problèmes en lien avec la conception et l'impact d'un programme et non sur les facteurs qui influencent l'émergence, l'expansion et la dotation de ces programmes. Le présent article s'appuie sur les publications récentes qui indiquent que la qualité des institutions et les préférences des individus jouent un rôle important dans la mise en œuvre de la protection sociale. Pour ce faire, il réalise une étude de cas en se basant sur l'Ethiopie et sur son Programme de filet de sécurité productif (Productive Safety Net Programme – PSNP) – l'un des plus importants programmes de protection sociale en Afrique subsaharienne – et contribue ainsi aux débats portant sur l'amélioration de l'efficacité de la mise en œuvre de la protection sociale, en particulier dans des contextes de pauvreté généralisée et de niveaux de capacité institutionnelle assez faibles. En se basant sur des données qualitatives primaires, l'article conclut qu'il existe une corrélation entre une meilleure qualité institutionnelle au niveau local et une dotation plus efficace de la protection sociale. Lorsque les membres de la communauté et les affiliés à la protection sociale peuvent exprimer leurs préférences, cela peut engendrer des adaptations dans la mise en œuvre, bien que l'importance de ce phénomène soit, dans une large mesure, sexocentrée. La ejecución efectiva de las intervenciones de protección social es crucial para lograr un cambio positivo. La bibliografía existente aborda principalmente las cuestiones relacionadas con el diseño y la incidencia de los programas, y no los factores que influyen en la aparición, la extensión y el suministro de los mismos. Este artículo se basa en los estudios recientes que indican que la calidad de las instituciones y las preferencias del público desempeñan un papel importante en el suministro de la protección social. A tal efecto, el artículo realiza un estudio de caso del Programa de Red de Seguridad Productiva (Productive Safety Net Programme – PSNP) de Etiopía, uno de los principales programas de protección social del África Subsahariana, y contribuye así a los debates sobre la manera más efectiva de suministrar la protección social, en particular en entornos de pobreza generalizada y con niveles relativamente bajos de capacidad institucional. Sobre la base de datos cualitativos primarios, el artículo muestra que una mayor calidad institucional a nivel local da lugar a un suministro más efectivo de la protección social. La capacidad de los miembros de la comunidad y de los beneficiarios de la protección social de expresar sus preferencias puede llevar a adaptar el suministro, aunque en una medida muy influida por la perspectiva de género. Die wirksame Umsetzung von Sozialschutzmaßnahmen ist ein entscheidender Faktor für das Erreichen positiver Veränderungen. Die bestehende Literatur konzentriert sich vorwiegend auf Fragen der Gestaltung und Wirkung von Programmen, doch Faktoren, die das Auftreten, die Ausweitung und die Bereitstellung dieser Programme beeinflussen, wurden bisher nicht berücksichtigt. Dieser Artikel beruht auf neueren Veröffentlichungen, die zeigen, dass die Qualität der Institutionen und die Präferenzen der Menschen bei der Umsetzung eines Sozialschutzes eine wichtige Rolle spielen. In einer Fallstudie wird das Produktive Sicherheitsnetz‐Programm (PSNP) Äthiopiens – eines der größten Sozialschutzprogramme in Afrika südlich der Sahara – untersucht. Die Fallstudie leistet einen wichtigen Beitrag zur Debatte über die wirksamere Umsetzung von Sozialschutzmaßnahmen, vor allem in einem Umfeld verbreiteter Armut und relativ geringer institutioneller Kapazitäten. Ausgehend von primären qualitativen Daten wurde ermittelt, dass eine größere institutionelle Qualität auf lokaler Ebene mit einer wirksameren Bereitstellung von Sozialschutzmaßnahmen korreliert. Wenn die Mitglieder der Gemeinschaft und die Kunden der Sozialschutzsysteme Präferenzen äußern können, dann kann dies zu einer angepassten Umsetzung führen, auch wenn die Bereitschaft dazu stark geschlechtsabhängig ist. Залогом положительных изменений является действенное осуществление мер в области социальной защиты. В имеющейся литературе в основном рассматриваются вопросы, касающиеся разработки программ и их воздействия, а не факторы, которые влияют на появление, расширение и реализацию этих программ. Статья основана на последних работах, показывающих, что качество институтов и предпочтения населения играют важную роль в реализации программ социальной защиты. На примере Эфиопии и её программы Productive Safety Net Programme – одной из крупнейших программ социальной защиты в странах Африки к югу от Сахары – авторы вносят свой вклад в обсуждение вопроса о том, как эффективнее обеспечивать социальную защиту, особенно в условиях широко распространённой бедности и относительно низкого уровня институционального развития. Опираясь на первичные качественные данные, они приходят к выводу о том, что повышение институционального качества на местном уровне ассоциируется с повышением эффективности социальной защиты. Возможность выражать предпочтения членами общества и клиентами системы социальной защиты может способствовать адаптации процесса реализации, хотя степень, в которой это происходит, в значительной мере зависит от гендера. 有效实施社会保护干预措施是实现积极变革的关键。现有文献主要关注计划设计与影响相关问题, 而很少关注影响计划出现、扩张和供给的因素。本文以近期表明机构质量和人口偏好对社会保护实施发挥重要作用的文献为基础, 通过使用埃塞俄比亚及其生产力安全网计划 (PSNP)——撒哈拉以南非洲最大的社会保护计划之一—作为案例研究, 促进了关于如何更加有效地实施社会保护的辩论, 特别是在普遍贫困和机构能力水平相对较低的情况下。根据主要的定性数据, 文章发现基层机构质量的提高与更加有效的社会保护供给相关联。社区成员和社保用户表达偏好的能力可以促进社保实施调整, 尽管调整的程度是高度性别化的。 إن التنفيذ الفعال لتدخلات الحماية الاجتماعية هو أمر أساسي لتحقيق التغيير الإيجابي. وتركز المقالات المكتوبة في هذا المجال بشكل أساسي على المسائل المرتبطة بتصميم البرامج وتأثيرها، عوض التركيز على العوامل التي تؤثر في نشوء هذه البرامج وتوسع نطاقها وتوفيرها. ويستند هذا المقال إلى الكتابات الأخيرة التي تبين أن جودة المؤسسات وتفضيلات الأشخاص تضطلع بدور مهم في تنفيذ الحماية الاجتماعية. ولتبيان ذلك، سنذكر مثال أثيوبيا وبرنامجها للأمان الغذائي للأسر المعيشية (PSNP)، وهو أحد أكبر برامج الحماية الاجتماعية في منطقة أفريقيا جنوب الصحراء، وهذا ما سيساهم في النقاشات حول كيفية تنفيذ خطط الحماية الاجتماعية بفعالية أكبر، لا سيما في سياقات الفقر المستشري والمستويات المنخفضة نسبياً للقدرة المؤسساتية. وخلُص هذا المقال، استناداً إلى البيانات النوعية الأولية، أن الجودة المؤسساتية الأكبر على الصعيد المحلي مرتبطة بتوفير فعالية أكبر للحماية الاجتماعية. فمن شأن قدرة أفراد المجتمعات المحلية والمستفيدين من الحماية الاجتماعية على التعبير عن التفضيلات أن يفضي إلى عمليات تكييف في التنفيذ، على الرغم من أن نطاق حدوث ذلك يتأثر بشكل كبير بالاعتبارات الجنسانية. A implementação eficaz das intervenções de proteção social é fundamental para produzir mudanças positivas. A literatura especializada existente concentra‐se sobretudo nas questões relacionadas ao design e ao impacto dos programas, e não propriamente nos fatores que influenciam o surgimento, a expansão e a provisão desses programas. Este artigo se baseia na literatura especializada recente, indicativa de que a qualidade das instituições e as preferências das pessoas exercem um papel importante na implementação da proteção social. Para ilustrar isso, ele usa a Etiópia e seu Programa de Rede Produtiva de Segurança (Productive Safety Net Programme, PSNP) – um dos maiores programas de proteção social da África subsaariana – como estudo de caso, contribuindo assim para os debates sobre maneiras de implementar a proteção social mais eficazmente, em especial em ambientes de pobreza generalizada e níveis relativamente baixos de capacidade institucional. Com base em dados qualitativos primários, o artigo observa que uma maior qualidade institucional no nível local está associada à provisão mais eficaz de proteção social. A capacidade dos membros da comunidade e dos clientes da proteção social de formular preferências pode levar a adaptações na implementação, embora a extensão com que isso ocorre seja altamente limitada por gênero.

Suggested Citation

  • Vincenzo Vinci & Keetie Roelen, 2020. "The relevance of institutions and people’s preferences in the PSNP and IN‐SCT programmes in Ethiopia," International Social Security Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 73(1), pages 139-167, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:intssr:v:73:y:2020:i:1:p:139-167
    DOI: 10.1111/issr.12230
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kalle Hirvonen & Giulia Mascagni & Keetie Roelen, 2018. "Linking taxation and social protection: Evidence on redistribution and poverty reduction in Ethiopia," International Social Security Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 71(1), pages 3-24, January.
    2. Alesina, Alberto & La Ferrara, Eliana, 2005. "Preferences for redistribution in the land of opportunities," Journal of Public Economics, Elsevier, vol. 89(5-6), pages 897-931, June.
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    4. Virginia Williamson, 2011. "So Near And Yet So Far: Values And Mental Models Along The Aid Chain In Ethiopia," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 23(6), pages 823-835, August.
    5. Keetie Roelen & Stephen Devereux & Abdul-Gafaru Abdulai & Bruno Martorano & Tia Palermo & Luigi Peter Ragno & UNICEF Office of Research - Innocenti, 2017. "How to Make ‘Cash Plus’ Work: Linking Cash Transfers to Services and Sectors," Papers inwopa915, Innocenti Working Papers.
    6. Logan Cochrane & Y. Tamiru, 2016. "Ethiopia's Productive Safety Net Program: Power, Politics and Practice," Journal of International Development, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 28(5), pages 649-665, July.
    7. Kaufmann, Daniel & Kraay, Aart & Mastruzzi, Massimo, 2007. "The worldwide governance indicators project : answering the critics," Policy Research Working Paper Series 4149, The World Bank.
    8. Sam Hickey & Sophie King, 2016. "Understanding Social Accountability: Politics, Power and Building New Social Contracts," Journal of Development Studies, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 52(8), pages 1225-1240, August.
    9. Kalle Hirvonen & Giulia Mascagni & Keetie Roelen, 2018. "Linking taxation and social protection: Evidence on redistribution and poverty reduction in Ethiopia," International Social Security Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 71(1), pages 3-24, January.
    10. Gassmann, Franziska & Mohnen, Pierre & Vinci, Vincenzo, 2016. "Institutional factors and people's preferences in social protection," MERIT Working Papers 2016-003, United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology (MERIT).
    11. World Bank, 2012. "Managing Risk, Promoting Growth [Gérer les risques, promouvoir la croissance : Développer les systèmes de protection sociale en Afrique : La stratégie de protection sociale de la Banque mondiale en," World Bank Publications - Books, The World Bank Group, number 23744.
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    1. Scognamillo, Antonio & Mastrorillo, Marina & Ignaciuk, Adriana, 2024. "One for all and all for one: Increasing the adaptive capacity of households and communities through a public work programme," World Development, Elsevier, vol. 175(C).
    2. Scognamillo, Antonio & Mastrorillo, Marina & Ignaciuk, Ada, 2022. "Reducing vulnerability to weather shocks through social protection – Evidence from the implementation of Productive Safety Net Programme (PSNP) in Ethiopia," ESA Working Papers 324074, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Agricultural Development Economics Division (ESA).

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