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Adjustment mechanisms and intergenerational actuarial neutrality in pension reforms

Author

Listed:
  • Robert Meneu
  • Enrique Devesa
  • Mar Devesa
  • Inmaculada Domínguez
  • Borja Encinas

Abstract

In the context of the reform of defined benefit pension systems under population ageing, we focus on the introduction of automatic adjustment mechanisms linked to life expectancy. Our goal is to establish a relationship between changes in the key parameters of the pension system and changes in life expectancy, applying the principle of intergenerational actuarial neutrality. For a defined benefit pension scheme, we first obtain the fundamental adjustment equation and then, for particular cases, we derive different designs of automatic adjustment mechanisms depending on the involved parameter. We include a numerical application only for illustrative purposes. Dans le contexte de la réforme des systèmes de retraite à prestations déterminées qui font face au vieillissement de la population, nous nous concentrons sur l'introduction de mécanismes d'ajustement automatique liés à l'espérance de vie. Notre objectif est d'établir une relation entre les changements au sein de paramètres clés du système de retraite et ceux qui touchent à l'espérance de vie en appliquant le principe de neutralité actuarielle intergénérationnelle. Pour un régime de retraites à prestations définies donné, nous établissons dans un premier temps l'équation d'ajustement fondamentale puis dérivons pour les cas particuliers différents concepts de mécanismes d'ajustement automatique en fonction du paramètre impliqué. Nous avons inclus une application numérique à titre d'exemple uniquement. En el contexto de la reforma de los sistemas de pensiones de prestación definida ante el envejecimiento de la población, nos centramos en la introducción de mecanismos de ajuste automáticos vinculados a la esperanza de vida. Nuestro objetivo es establecer una relación entre los cambios en los parámetros fundamentales del sistema de pensiones y los cambios en la esperanza de vida, aplicando el principio de neutralidad actuarial intergeneracional. A partir de un sistema de pensiones de prestación definida, primero obtenemos la ecuación fundamental de ajuste y, a continuación, como casos particulares, derivamos diferentes diseños de mecanismos de ajuste automático en función del parámetro elegido. Se incluye una aplicación numérica sólo para fines ilustrativos. Im Kontext der Reform von Rentensystemen mit garantierten Leistungen, die aufgrund der Bevölkerungsalterung erfolgte, wird die Einführung automatisierter Mechanismen der Anpassung an die Lebenserwartung untersucht. Ziel ist es, anhand des Prinzips der versicherungsmathematischen Generationenneutralität eine Verbindung zwischen Veränderungen der wichtigsten Parameter eines Rentensystems und Veränderungen der Lebenserwartung herzustellen. Zunächst wird für ein Rentensystem mit garantierten Leistungen eine grundlegende Anpassungsgleichung erarbeitet, und dann werden für besondere Fälle verschiedene Formen automatischer Anpassungsmechanismen für die entsprechenden Parameter abgeleitet. Eine numerische Anwendung wird einzig zu illustrativen Zwecken angefügt. No contexto da reforma dos sistemas de pensão com benefícios definidos e do envelhecimento da população, destacamos a introdução de mecanismos de ajuste automáticos vinculados à expectativa de vida. A nossa meta é estabelecer uma relação entre as mudanças nos parâmetros essenciais do sistema de pensão por velhice e as mudanças na expectativa de vida, aplicando o princípio de neutralidade atuarial intergeracional. Para um regime de pensão com benefícios definidos, primeiro obtemos a equação fundamental de ajuste e, em seguida, para os casos particulares, auferimos os diferentes modelos de mecanismos de ajuste automático, em função do parâmetro envolvido. Incluímos uma aplicação numérica apenas para fins de ilustração. Oбpaщaяcь к peфopмaм пeнcиoнныx cиcтeм c фикcиpoвaнным paзмepoм пocoбий, aвтopы cтaтьи paccмaтpивaют ввeдeниe мexaнизмoв aвтoмaтичecкoй кoppeктиpoвки пo oжидaeмoй пpoдoлжитeльнocти жизни в уcлoвияx cтapeния нaceлeния. Oни cтaвят пepeд coбoй цeль уcтaнoвить cвязь мeжду измeнeниeм ключeвыx пapaмeтpoв пeнcиoннoй cиcтeмы и измeнeниями в oжидaeмoй пpoдoлжитeльнocти жизни c пpимeнeниeм пpинципa мeжпoкoлeнчecкoй aктуapнoй нeйтpaльнocти. Для пeнcиoнныx пpoгpaмм c фикcиpoвaнным paзмepoм пocoбий cнaчaлa нeoбxoдимo вывecти ocнoвную фopмулу кoppeкции, a зaтeм paзpaбoтaть для кoнкpeтныx cлучaeв paзличныe вapиaнты мexaнизмa aвтoмaтичecкoй кoppeкции в зaвиcимocти oт кoнкpeтнoгo пapaмeтpa. Кoличecтвeнныe pacчeты пpивeдeны в cтaтьe иcключитeльнo в кaчecтвe пpимepa. 在为应对人口老龄化而进行的固定给付养老金制度改革背景下,我们要重点讨论的是与预期寿命相关的自动调整机制的采用。我们的目标是,运用代际精算中立原则,在养老金制度的关键参数变化与预期寿命的变化之间建立某种关系。对于固定给付养老金计划,首先要得到基本的调整公式,然后,对于特殊情况,则根据所涉参数推导出自动调整机制的不同公式。为了说明之目的,我们在这里包括了一个数值应用的例证。 ركّز، في سياق الإصلاحات المُدخلة على نظم المعاشات للمنافع المحددة في ظل شيخوخة السكان، على إدراج آليات للتعديل التلقائي تستند إلى متوسط العمر المتوقع. ويتمثل هدفنا في وضع صلة تربط بين التغيرات التي تشهدها المحددات الأساسية لنظام المعاشات والتغيرات التي تطرأ على متوسط العمر المتوقع، مع تطبيق مبدأ الحيادية الاكتوارية العابرة للأجيال. فبالنسبة لخطة المعاشات للمنافع المحددة، نتحصل بداية على معادلة التعديل الأساسي ومن ثمة، في حالات خاصة، نستخلص تصاميم مختلفة لآليات التعديل التلقائي اعتماداً على المحدد المستخدم. وندرج تطبيقاً رقمياً لأغراض التوضيح فحسب.

Suggested Citation

  • Robert Meneu & Enrique Devesa & Mar Devesa & Inmaculada Domínguez & Borja Encinas, 2016. "Adjustment mechanisms and intergenerational actuarial neutrality in pension reforms," International Social Security Review, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 69(1), pages 87-107, January.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:intssr:v:69:y:2016:i:1:p:87-107
    DOI: 10.1111/issr.12096
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    Cited by:

    1. Bravo, Jorge M. & Ayuso, Mercedes & Holzmann, Robert & Palmer, Edward, 2021. "Addressing the life expectancy gap in pension policy," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 200-221.
    2. Lei He & Tianquan Zhong & Zhenqi Wang, 2023. "Assessing Delayed Retirement Policies Linked to Dynamic Life Expectancy with Stochastic Dynamic Mortality," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(24), pages 1-16, December.
    3. Lei He & Zhengqi Wang, 2023. "The interaction effects of rising life expectancy and the public pension burden on aggregate savings and economic growth," Portuguese Economic Journal, Springer;Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestao, vol. 22(2), pages 229-250, May.
    4. Bravo, Jorge M. & Ayuso, Mercedes & Holzmann, Robert & Palmer, Edward, 2023. "Intergenerational actuarial fairness when longevity increases: Amending the retirement age," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 161-184.

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