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A Comfort or a Threat? How Older Italians View Home Eldercare Assistants

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  • Anne E. Barrett
  • Katia Vecchione

Abstract

Increasing life expectancy has led, in many countries, to new arrangements to meet the growing need for care in later life. In Italy, with the second oldest population in the world, family members, especially women, provide the majority of care. Paid care workers, however, are increasingly filling in where families cannot. Known as “home eldercare assistants” or badanti, most are middle‐aged women from Eastern Europe, South America, or the Philippines. Research on this phenomenon is limited by its almost exclusive focus on care workers rather than older adults who receive their care —or may do so in the future. Our study addresses this issue using interviews with 28 older adults living in northern Italy. Participants with friends or family members who had received support from these care workers often held positive views. Most, however, also expressed negative views that resonated with cultural discourses about aging, as well as immigration. These views reflected the high value placed on independence, along with the centrality of the home as a site for decision‐making and identity maintenance. Negative views also were shaped by dominant discourses that construct immigrants as threats to security, particularly regarding one's belongings. Another discourse that influenced views of home eldercare assistants centered on the construction of aging as a biomedical phenomenon that is better addressed by medical professionals in health care settings, including nursing homes. Such views influence older adults' willingness to receive help from care workers and its effectiveness—knowledge of which can improve care. El aumento de la esperanza de vida ha llevado, en muchos países, a nuevos arreglos para satisfacer la creciente necesidad de atención en la vejez. En Italia, con la segunda población más envejecida del mundo, los miembros de la familia, especialmente las mujeres, brindan la mayor parte del cuidado. Sin embargo, los cuidadores remunerados están ocupando cada vez más los lugares donde las familias no pueden hacerlo. Conocidas como “asistentes de cuidado de ancianos en el hogar” o badanti, la mayoría son mujeres de mediana edad de Europa del Este, América del Sur o Filipinas. La investigación sobre este fenómeno está limitada por su enfoque casi exclusivo en los trabajadores del cuidado en lugar de los adultos mayores que reciben su atención, o pueden recibir su atención en el futuro. Nuestro estudio aborda este tema mediante entrevistas con 28 adultos mayores que viven en el norte de Italia. Los participantes con amigos o familiares que habían recibido apoyo de estos cuidadores a menudo tenían opiniones positivas. La mayoría, sin embargo, también expresó puntos de vista negativos que resonaron con los discursos culturales sobre el envejecimiento, así como la inmigración. Estos puntos de vista reflejaban el alto valor otorgado a la independencia, junto con la centralidad del hogar como lugar para la toma de decisiones y el mantenimiento de la identidad. Las opiniones negativas también fueron moldeadas por los discursos dominantes que construyen a los inmigrantes como amenazas a la seguridad, en particular con respecto a las pertenencias de uno. Otro discurso que influyó en las opiniones de los asistentes de cuidado de ancianos en el hogar se centró en la construcción del envejecimiento como un fenómeno biomédico que es mejor abordado por profesionales médicos en entornos de atención de la salud, incluidos los hogares de ancianos. Estos puntos de vista influyen en la disposición de los adultos mayores a recibir ayuda de los cuidadores y en su eficacia, cuyo conocimiento puede mejorar la atención. 在许多国家,预期寿命的延长引起了一系列用于满足日益增 长的晚年护理需求的新安排。在拥有世界第二大老年人口的 意大利,家庭成员(尤其是女性)提供了绝大部分的护理。 不过,有偿护理人员正越来越多地为无法自我护理的家庭提 供服务。这类护理人员被称为“家庭老年护理助手”或 badanti,她们大多数是来自东欧、南美或菲律宾的中年妇女。 关于此现象的研究有限,因为其几乎只关注护理人员,而不 是接受护理的老年人或者将在今后接受护理的老年人。我们 的研究通过对意大利北部的28名老年人进行访谈,以期研 究该问题。部分参与者的朋友或家人曾经接受过这些护理人 员的支持,这部分参与者通常持有积极看法。不过,大多数 人也表达了消极看法,后者与关于老龄化和移民的文化话语 产生共鸣。这些看法反映了对独立性的高度重视,以及家庭 作为决策和身份维护场所的中心地位。负面看法也受到主流 话语的影响,这些话语将移民建构为安全威胁,尤其是关于 个人财物的威胁。影响对家庭老年护理助手的看法的另一话 语将老龄化建构为一种生物医学现象,而医疗护理机构(包括疗养院)的医疗专业人员能更好地应对该现象。这类看法 会影响老年人在接受护理人员帮助方面的意愿以及护理有效 性一了解这些能改善护理。

Suggested Citation

  • Anne E. Barrett & Katia Vecchione, 2022. "A Comfort or a Threat? How Older Italians View Home Eldercare Assistants," Journal of Elder Policy, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 2(1), pages 51-73, March.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:eldpol:v:2:y:2022:i:1:p:51-73
    DOI: 10.18278/jep.2.1.3
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Francesco Barbabella & Carlos Chiatti & Joseph M. Rimland & Maria Gabriella Melchiorre & Giovanni Lamura & Fabrizia Lattanzio, 2016. "Socioeconomic Predictors of the Employment of Migrant Care Workers by Italian Families Assisting Older Alzheimer’s Disease Patients: Evidence From the Up-Tech Study," The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, The Gerontological Society of America, vol. 71(3), pages 514-525.
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