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Investor Overreaction to Earnings Surprises and Post‐Earnings‐Announcement Reversals

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  • Allen W. Bathke
  • Terry W. Mason
  • Richard M. Morton

Abstract

Prior literature suggests that the market underreacts to the positive correlation in a typical firm's seasonal earnings changes, which leads to a post‐earnings‐announcement drift (PEAD) in prices. We examine the market reaction for a distinct set of firms whose seasonal earnings changes are uncorrelated and show that the market incorrectly assumes that the earnings changes of these firms are positively correlated. We also document that positive (negative) seasonal earnings changes in the current quarter are associated with negative (positive) abnormal returns in the next quarter. Thus, we observe a reversal of abnormal returns, consistent with a systematic overreaction to earnings, rather than the previously documented PEAD. Additional analysis indicates that financial analysts similarly overestimate the autocorrelation of these firms, although to a lesser extent. We also find that the magnitude of overestimation and the subsequent price reversal are inversely related to the richness of the information environment. Our results challenge the notion that investors recognize but consistently underestimate earnings correlation and provide a new perspective on the inability of prices to fully reflect the implications of current earnings for future earnings. That is, we show that investors predictably overestimate correlation when it is lacking, but underestimate it when it is present. Réaction excessive des investisseurs aux résultats inattendus et renversements postérieurs à l'annonce des résultats Les études antérieures semblent indiquer que le marché réagit timidement à la corrélation positive dans les fluctuations saisonnières des résultats d'une société type, ce qui conduit à un mouvement réactif des cours postérieur à l'annonce des résultats. Les auteurs étudient la réaction du marché relativement à un ensemble particulier de sociétés dont les résultats saisonniers affichent des fluctuations qui ne présentent pas de corrélation, et ils montrent que le marché suppose à tort que les fluctuations des résultats de ces sociétés sont en corrélation positive. Ils documentent également le fait que les fluctuations positives (négatives) des résultats saisonniers au cours d'un trimestre donné sont associées à des rendements anormaux négatifs (positifs) au cours du trimestre suivant. Les auteurs observent donc un renversement des rendements anormaux en concordance avec une réaction systématique excessive aux résultats, plutôt que le mouvement réactif postérieur à l'annonce des résultats auparavant documenté. Une analyse plus approfondie révèle que les analystes financiers surestiment de la même façon l'autocorrélation de ces sociétés, bien que dans une moindre mesure. Les auteurs constatent également que l'ampleur de la surestimation et le renversement subséquent des cours sont inversement liés à la richesse de l'environnement d'information. Les résultats de l’étude remettent en question la notion selon laquelle les investisseurs reconnaissent mais sous‐estiment régulièrement la corrélation des résultats, et ils ouvrent une nouvelle perspective sur l'incapacité des cours à refléter pleinement les répercussions des résultats présents sur les résultats futurs. En d'autres termes, les auteurs montrent que les investisseurs adoptent un comportement prévisible de surestimation de la corrélation lorsqu'elle est absente mais de sous‐estimation de la corrélation lorsqu'elle est présente.

Suggested Citation

  • Allen W. Bathke & Terry W. Mason & Richard M. Morton, 2019. "Investor Overreaction to Earnings Surprises and Post‐Earnings‐Announcement Reversals," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(4), pages 2069-2092, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:4:p:2069-2092
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12491
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    Cited by:

    1. DeLisle, R. Jared & Grant, Andrew & Mao, Ruiqi, 2024. "Does environmental and social performance affect pricing efficiency? Evidence from earnings conference call tones," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    2. Ho, Kung-Cheng & Yang, Lu & Luo, Sijia, 2022. "Information disclosure ratings and continuing overreaction: Evidence from the Chinese capital market," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 638-656.

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