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How Quickly Do Firms Adjust to Optimal Levels of Tax Avoidance?†

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  • Jaewoo Kim
  • Sean T. McGuire
  • Steven Savoy
  • Ryan Wilson
  • Judson Caskey

Abstract

The trade‐off literature asserts that managers weigh the direct benefits of tax avoidance against the associated nontax costs. This literature implies each firm has a unique optimal level of tax avoidance that balances these costs and benefits. Our study is the first to document how quickly the average firm moves toward its optimal level of tax avoidance. We find that the typical firm converges toward its optimum at a rate that ranges from approximately 69 to 84 percent over a three‐year period, depending upon model specifications. Consistent with asymmetric levels of frictions across the tax avoidance distribution, we find the speed of adjustment is greater for firms below their optimal level of tax avoidance than for firms above. We perform additional cross‐sectional analyses to provide insight into some of the frictions that prevent firms from adjusting completely to their optimal level of tax avoidance. We generally find growth firms exhibit slower adjustment speeds and provide limited evidence that both multinational firms and income‐mobile firms exhibit faster adjustment speeds. Avec quelle rapidité les sociétés progressent‐elles vers leur niveau optimal d’évitement fiscal? Selon les écrits sur le compromis, les gestionnaires évaluent les avantages directs de l’évitement fiscal par rapport aux coûts non fiscaux qui y sont associés. Cette affirmation suppose que chaque société a son propre niveau optimal d’évitement fiscal, niveau auquel ces coûts et ces avantages s’équilibrent. L’étude des auteurs est la première à documenter la rapidité avec laquelle la société moyenne s'achemine vers son niveau optimal d’évitement fiscal. Les auteurs constatent qu'une société progresse habituellement vers cet optimum à un rythme qui se situe grosso modo entre 69 pour cent et 84 pour cent de l’écart à combler entre ses niveaux réel et optimal d’évitement fiscal en une période de trois ans, selon les caractéristiques du modèle. Compte tenu de l'asymétrie des degrés de friction dans la distribution des niveaux d’évitement fiscal, les auteurs constatent que la rapidité de la progression est plus grande dans le cas des sociétés qui se situent au‐dessus que dans celles qui se situent au‐dessous de leur niveau optimal d’évitement fiscal. Ils procèdent à des analyses transversales supplémentaires afin de recueillir des données sur certaines des frictions qui empêchent les sociétés d'atteindre leur niveau optimal d’évitement fiscal. De façon générale, les auteurs constatent que les sociétés en croissance progressent plus lentement vers ce niveau optimal et relèvent une quantité limitée de données attestant que les sociétés multinationales et les sociétés dont la mobilité du revenu est grande progressent vers ce niveau optimal plus rapidement.

Suggested Citation

  • Jaewoo Kim & Sean T. McGuire & Steven Savoy & Ryan Wilson & Judson Caskey, 2019. "How Quickly Do Firms Adjust to Optimal Levels of Tax Avoidance?†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 1824-1860, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:1824-1860
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12481
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    Cited by:

    1. Kim, Tae-Nyun & Lee, Pil-Seng, 2023. "Product market threats and tax avoidance," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    2. Arfah Habib Saragih & Syaiful Ali, 2023. "Corporate tax risk: a literature review and future research directions," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 73(2), pages 527-577, June.
    3. Müller, Jens & Weinrich, Arndt, 2020. "Tax knowledge diffusion via strategic alliances," arqus Discussion Papers in Quantitative Tax Research 253, arqus - Arbeitskreis Quantitative Steuerlehre.
    4. Xiang, Junyi & Zhu, Ling & Kong, Dongmin, 2023. "Labor cost and corporate tax avoidance," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 338-358.
    5. Li, John, 2022. "The effect of employee satisfaction on effective corporate tax planning: Evidence from Glassdoor," Advances in accounting, Elsevier, vol. 57(C).
    6. Jaewoo Kim & Sean McGuire & Steven Savoy & Ryan Wilson, 2022. "Expected economic growth and investment in corporate tax planning," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 27(2), pages 745-778, June.
    7. Kay Blaufus & Jakob Reineke & Ilko Trenn, 2023. "Perceived tax audit aggressiveness, tax control frameworks and tax planning: an empirical analysis," Journal of Business Economics, Springer, vol. 93(3), pages 509-557, April.
    8. Zhou, Shuya & Zhou, Peiyan & Ji, Hannah, 2022. "Can digital transformation alleviate corporate tax stickiness: The mediation effect of tax avoidance," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 184(C).

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