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The Loss of Information Associated with Binary Audit Reports: Evidence from Auditors' Internal Control and Going Concern Opinions

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  • Brant E. Christensen
  • Stevanie S. Neuman
  • Sarah C. Rice

Abstract

This study provides evidence that binary signals in audit reports are unable to fully communicate underlying risks that are inherently continuous in nature. Specifically, we find that companies whose audit reports signal an improvement in internal control effectiveness relative to the prior year are still more likely to subsequently restate the current year's financial statements than companies with no material weaknesses in either year. Similarly, companies deemed to no longer have substantial doubt of continuing as a going concern are still more likely to declare bankruptcy than companies with no going concern opinion in either year. Results in both settings suggest the presence of residual risk that cannot be communicated through a binary audit report, despite the fact that auditors recognize the risk, as evidenced by higher audit fees and longer audit report lags. Our findings are strongest when the reported improvement is more pronounced, and our results hold in matched samples. Our study provides empirical evidence that supports recent regulatory efforts to improve the content of the audit report and offers suggestions for future research. La perte de renseignements associée aux rapports d'audit binaires : observations relatives aux opinions des auditeurs quant au contrôle interne et à la continuité de l'exploitation Les auteurs produisent des données selon lesquelles les indicateurs binaires des rapports d'audit ne parviennent pas à livrer toute l'information relative aux risques sous‐jacents qui sont, par essence, permanents. Ils constatent, plus précisément, que les sociétés dont les rapports d'audit indiquent une amélioration de l'efficacité du contrôle interne par rapport à l'exercice précédent demeurent davantage susceptibles de devoir subséquemment retraiter les états financiers de l'exercice considéré que ne le sont les sociétés n'affichant pas de faiblesses importantes dans l'un ou l'autre exercice. De même, les sociétés à l’égard desquelles on estime qu'il n'existe plus de doute important quant à leur capacité de poursuivre leur exploitation demeurent davantage susceptibles de déclarer faillite que les sociétés à l’égard desquelles aucun doute n'a été exprimé par les auditeurs quant à leur capacité de poursuivre leur exploitation dans l'un ou l'autre exercice. Dans les deux cas, les résultats laissent supposer qu'il existe un risque résiduel dont le rapport d'audit binaire ne permet pas de faire état, même si les auditeurs sont conscients de ce risque, ainsi qu'en témoignent leurs honoraires d'audit plus élevés et le temps plus long qu'exige la production du rapport d'audit. Ces observations sont le plus notables lorsque l'amélioration dont il est fait état est plus importante, et elles se confirment dans des échantillons appariés. L’étude fournit des données empiriques à l'appui des efforts récents de réglementation en vue d'améliorer le contenu du rapport d'audit, et des pistes de recherche future y sont proposées.

Suggested Citation

  • Brant E. Christensen & Stevanie S. Neuman & Sarah C. Rice, 2019. "The Loss of Information Associated with Binary Audit Reports: Evidence from Auditors' Internal Control and Going Concern Opinions," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 36(3), pages 1461-1500, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:36:y:2019:i:3:p:1461-1500
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12470
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    Cited by:

    1. Patrick Velte, 2023. "The link between corporate governance and corporate financial misconduct. A review of archival studies and implications for future research," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 73(1), pages 353-411, February.
    2. Václav Kupec & Přemysl Písař & Michal Lukáč & Gabriela Pajtinková Bartáková, 2021. "Conceptual Comparison of Internal Audit and Internal Control in the Marketing Environment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-18, June.
    3. Patrick Velte, 2023. "The impact of external auditors on firms’ financial restatements: a review of archival studies and implications for future research," Management Review Quarterly, Springer, vol. 73(3), pages 959-985, September.
    4. Václav Kupec & Michal Lukáč & Peter Štarchoň & Gabriela Pajtinková Bartáková, 2020. "Audit of Museum Marketing Communication in the Modern Management Context," IJFS, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-13, July.
    5. Li, Jianhong & Ding, Jin, 2024. "The peer effects on disclosure of corporate internal control weakness," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 61(C).

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