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Renegotiations of Target CEOs' Personal Benefits During Mergers and Acquisitions

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  • Paige H. Patrick

Abstract

Many view large payments following mergers or acquisitions as excessive and evidence of rent extraction. Using additional disclosures required by the SEC since 2006, I hand‐collect details of preexisting change in control (CIC) provisions in employment agreements and CIC benefits granted to target CEOs during mergers. I find that CIC benefits are renegotiated in approximately 50 percent of my sample. I then investigate whether renegotiation of CIC benefits tends to be opportunistic, or, instead, evidence of efficient contracting. The overall evidence is more consistent with efficient contracting. This contrasts prior research that focuses solely on certain components of CIC benefits, such as employment in merged firms or merger bonuses. I find that changes in CIC benefits are positively associated with the CEO's horizon, as would be predicted by efficient contracting, but only limited evidence that changes in CIC benefits are positively associated with proxies for CEO power, as would be predicted by rent extraction. Acquiring firm shareholders interpret increases in target CEOs' CIC benefits as evidence of rent extraction, although I find that the merged firm's post‐merger performance is positively associated with changes in CIC benefits. This result is more consistent with acquiring firms providing target CEOs increased CIC benefits to complete mergers and realize synergies than with value‐reducing rent extraction. Renégociation des avantages personnels des chefs de la direction des sociétés cibles lors de fusions et d'acquisitions Nombreux sont ceux qui estiment que les sommes élevées versées aux chefs de la direction à la suite de fusions ou d'acquisitions sont démesurées et ressortissent à l'appropriation de rente. Puisant dans les informations supplémentaires dont la SEC exige la publication depuis 2006, l'auteur collige manuellement les renseignements touchant les dispositions préexistantes liées au changement de contrôle dans les contrats d'emploi et les prestations accordées aux chefs de la direction des sociétés cibles lors de fusions en vertu de ces dispositions. Il constate que les prestations liées au changement de contrôle sont renégociées dans environ 50 pour cent des cas de l'échantillon analysé. L'auteur se demande ensuite si la renégociation des prestations liées au changement de contrôle révèle une tendance à l'opportunisme ou témoigne plutôt d'un souci d'efficience des contrats. Les données recueillies vont généralement davantage dans le sens de l'efficience des contrats. L'étude se distingue des recherches antérieures axées exclusivement sur certains éléments des prestations liées au changement de contrôle, comme l'offre de postes dans la société issue de la fusion ou les primes de fusion. L'auteur observe que les variations dans les prestations liées au changement de contrôle sont en relation positive avec les perspectives d'avenir du chef de la direction, comme le suppose l'hypothèse des contrats efficients, mais peu de données corroborent l'existence d'un lien positif entre ces variations et les variables de substitution au pouvoir du chef de la direction, comme le suppose l'hypothèse de l'appropriation de rente. De l'avis des actionnaires de la société acheteuse, la hausse des prestations liées au changement de contrôle dont bénéficient les chefs de la direction des sociétés cibles ressortit à l'appropriation de rente, bien que, selon les constatations de l'auteur, la performance a posteriori de la société issue de la fusion présente un lien positif avec les variations dans les prestations liées au changement de contrôle. Ce résultat est plus conforme à l'idée que les sociétés acheteuses offrent aux chefs de la direction des sociétés cibles de plus généreuses prestations liées au changement de contrôle, en vue de conclure la fusion et d'en concrétiser les effets de synergie, qu'à l'idée d'une appropriation de rente réduisant la valeur.

Suggested Citation

  • Paige H. Patrick, 2018. "Renegotiations of Target CEOs' Personal Benefits During Mergers and Acquisitions," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(4), pages 1999-2029, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:1999-2029
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12384
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    Cited by:

    1. Junjian Gu, 2020. "Risk Assessment on Continued Public Health Threats: Evidence from China’s Stock Market," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-30, October.

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