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Getting Comfortable on Audits: Understanding Firms’ Usage of Forensic Specialists

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  • J. Gregory Jenkins
  • Eric M. Negangard
  • Mitchell J. Oler

Abstract

Increasing financial statement complexity along with an intense focus on audit quality has created challenges for today's auditors. As a result, audit firms are increasingly relying on various specialists to help them perform their audits. To better understand why and how audit firms are using forensic specialists on their audits, we conduct an exploratory survey of experienced audit and forensic professionals. Our results suggest auditors are largely relying on forensic specialists to provide them with additional comfort beyond that obtained from traditional audit procedures. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that the usage of forensic specialists occurs primarily on riskier engagements, such as those involving restatements, initial public offerings, and investigations by regulators or law enforcement agencies. Although their involvement varies, forensic specialists assist audit teams by providing both guidance and direct assistance across the audit in areas including fraud brainstorming, design of procedures to test for fraud, and review of results of fraud‐related testing. In addition, our findings indicate forensic specialist involvement may lead to greater comfort as evidenced by the perceived identification by forensic specialists of additional audit findings related to material misstatements, financial reporting fraud, misappropriation of assets, and internal control deficiencies. Our results also reveal the majority of auditor and forensic specialist participants believe the value of forensic involvement on audits outweighs the associated costs, even in the absence of such additional audit findings. We conclude our paper by offering a theoretical discussion of our findings based on the audit comfort framework and suggestions for future research. In summary, our findings suggest that the discomfort some auditors feel in the contemporary auditing environment is leading to changes in the rituals that underlie traditional audits such that they seek comfort afforded them through forensic specialist involvement. Éléments propres à rassurer les auditeurs : comprendre le recours des cabinets d'audit aux juricomptables La complexité croissante des états financiers associée à la grande importance accordée à la qualité de l'audit est, de nos jours, source de défis pour les auditeurs. C'est pourquoi les cabinets d'audit ont de plus en plus recours à l'aide de divers experts pour s'acquitter des missions d'audit qui leur sont confiées. Afin de mieux comprendre pour quelles raisons et de quelle façon les cabinets font appel aux juricomptables dans leur travail d'audit, les auteurs procèdent à un sondage exploratoire auprès de professionnels chevronnés de l'audit et de la juricomptabilité. Les résultats de ce sondage semblent indiquer que les auditeurs recourent largement aux juricomptables pour obtenir une assurance ou quiétude additionnelle au‐delà de celle que leur procurent les procédures d'audit classiques. Ils démontrent en outre que l'aide des juricomptables est sollicitée principalement dans le cas des missions présentant davantage de risque, comme celles qui font intervenir des retraitements, des premiers appels publics à l’épargne et des enquêtes menées par les organismes de réglementation ou les organismes chargés de l'application de la loi. Bien que la nature de leur participation varie, les juricomptables assistent les équipes d'audit en leur prodiguant des conseils et de l'aide directe tout au long de l'audit dans divers domaines, notamment en prenant part à des remue‐méninges sur la fraude, à la conception de procédures visant à contrôler l'existence de fraude, et à l'examen des résultats des contrôles liés à la fraude. Les observations des auteurs révèlent au surplus que la participation de juricomptables peut rassurer les auditeurs qui, selon les données recueillies, estiment en effet que les juricomptables dégagent de l'audit des constatations supplémentaires liées aux anomalies significatives, à l'information financière frauduleuse, au détournement d'actifs et aux déficiences du contrôle interne. Les résultats obtenus par les auteurs indiquent également que, de l'avis de la majorité des auditeurs et des juricomptables participants, la valeur de l'intervention des juricomptables dans les audits est supérieure aux coûts qui y sont associés, même en l'absence de telles constatations. Les auteurs terminent en proposant une analyse théorique de leurs observations, fondée sur le cadre conceptuel d'acquisition d’éléments propres à rassurer les auditeurs et formulent des suggestions quant aux futures recherches. En résumé, leurs constatations semblent indiquer que l'inquiétude qu’éprouvent certains auditeurs dans l'environnement d'audit actuel les pousse à modifier le rituel de l'audit classique, le recours aux juricomptables contribuant à les rassurer.

Suggested Citation

  • J. Gregory Jenkins & Eric M. Negangard & Mitchell J. Oler, 2018. "Getting Comfortable on Audits: Understanding Firms’ Usage of Forensic Specialists," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(4), pages 1766-1797, December.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:4:p:1766-1797
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12359
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    Cited by:

    1. Johan Arifin, 2022. "Determinants of the effectiveness of audit procedures in revealing fraud: An attribution theory approach," International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478), Center for the Strategic Studies in Business and Finance, vol. 11(6), pages 378-387, September.
    2. Emily E. Griffith, 2020. "Auditors, Specialists, and Professional Jurisdiction in Audits of Fair Values†," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 37(1), pages 245-276, March.
    3. Booker, Danielle D. & Pelzer, Josette R.E. & Richardson, Jeremy R., 2023. "Integrating data analytics into the auditing curriculum: Insights and perceptions from early-career auditors," Journal of Accounting Education, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    4. David Hay & Noel Harding & Pallab Biswas & Chris Gan & Irene Qingling Ge & Linh Ho & Dinithi Ranasinghe & Harj Singh & Nigar Sultana & Shan Zhou, 2024. "Comments on Exposure Draft for Proposed ISSA 5000, sustainability assurance engagements by the Auditing and Assurance Standards Committee of AFAANZ," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 64(1), pages 1221-1239, March.

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