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Gambling Attitudes and Financial Misreporting

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  • Dane M. Christensen
  • Keith L. Jones
  • David G. Kenchington

Abstract

We investigate whether attitudes toward gambling help explain the occurrence of intentional misreporting. Similar to gambling, some financial reporting choices involve taking deliberate, speculative risks. We predict that in places where gambling is more socially acceptable, managers will be more likely to take financial reporting risks that increase the likelihood the financial statements will need to be restated. To test this prediction, we exploit geographic variation in local gambling attitudes and find that restatements due to intentional misreporting are more common in areas where gambling is more socially acceptable. This association is even stronger in situations where management is under greater pressure to misreport, including when the firm is close to meeting a performance benchmark, experiencing poor financial performance, or under investment‐related pressure. Furthermore, these results are robust to numerous tests to address omitted variables and endogeneity. Collectively, these findings suggest gambling attitudes help explain the incidence of intentional misreporting. Les auteurs se demandent si les attitudes à l’égard du jeu contribuent à expliquer l'occurrence de la falsification intentionnelle de l'information financière. En matière d'information financière, certains choix apparentés au jeu font intervenir la prise intentionnelle de risques spéculatifs. Selon la prédiction des auteurs, là où le jeu est davantage acceptable socialement, les gestionnaires seront plus susceptibles de prendre, au chapitre de l'information financière, des risques augmentant la probabilité qu'un retraitement des états financiers s'impose. Pour vérifier cette prédiction, les auteurs exploitent la fluctuation des attitudes à l’égard du jeu selon la situation géographique et constatent que les retraitements exigés par la falsification intentionnelle de l'information financière sont plus courants là où le jeu est davantage acceptable socialement. Cette association est même plus marquée encore lorsque les gestionnaires sont plus fortement incités à falsifier l'information financière, notamment si la société est sur le point d'atteindre un indicateur de performance ou d'enregistrer une piètre performance, ou qu'elle est soumise à des pressions liées à l'investissement. En outre, ces résultats résistent à de nombreux tests visant à prendre en compte les variables omises et à traiter l'endogénéité. Dans l'ensemble, ces observations semblent indiquer que les attitudes à l’égard du jeu contribuent à expliquer l'incidence de la falsification intentionnelle de l'information financière.

Suggested Citation

  • Dane M. Christensen & Keith L. Jones & David G. Kenchington, 2018. "Gambling Attitudes and Financial Misreporting," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(3), pages 1229-1261, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:1229-1261
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12322
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    Cited by:

    1. Kasper Regenburg & Morten Nicklas Bigler Seitz, 2021. "Criminals, bankruptcy, and cost of debt," Review of Accounting Studies, Springer, vol. 26(3), pages 1004-1045, September.
    2. Lei, Guangyong & Qiu, Baoyin & Yu, Junli & Zuo, Jingjing, 2023. ""Hitting the jackpot" in corporate tax strategy: A perspective on gambling preferences," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    3. Jeffrey L. Callen & Xiaohua Fang, 2020. "Local Gambling Norms and Audit Pricing," Journal of Business Ethics, Springer, vol. 164(1), pages 151-173, June.
    4. Zuo, Jingjing & Qiu, Baoyin & Zhu, Guoyiming & Lei, Guangyong, 2023. "Local speculative culture and stock price crash risk," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 64(C).
    5. Huixiang Zeng & Limin Zheng & Xiaoyu Li & Yutong Zhang & Linrong Chen, 2023. "Are optimistic CEOs and pessimistic CFOs the best partners? Evidence from corporate cash holdings," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 10(1), pages 1-19, December.
    6. Xiong, Jiacai & Ouyang, Caiyue & Tong, Jamie Yixing & Zhang, Feida Frank, 2021. "Fraud commitment in a smaller world: Evidence from a natural experiment," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(C).
    7. Hongying Yin & Xiaoyun Gong & Xiaofeng Quan & Annie Y. S. Li, 2024. "Local gambling preferences and corporate tax avoidance: Evidence from China," International Journal of Finance & Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 29(3), pages 3413-3443, July.
    8. Sheng, Xin & Guo, Songlin & Chang, Xiaochen, 2022. "Managerial myopia and firm productivity: Evidence from China," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    9. Qilong Cao & Meng Ju & Jinglei Li & Changbao Zhong, 2022. "Managerial Myopia and Long-Term Investment: Evidence from China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(1), pages 1-20, December.
    10. Alharbi, Samar & Atawnah, Nader & Al Mamun, Md & Ali, Muhammad Jahangir, 2022. "Local culture and tax avoidance: Evidence from gambling preference behavior," Global Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    11. Leye Li & Louise Yi Lu & Yi Wang & Yangxin Yu, 2023. "Workforce diversity and financial statement readability," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(S1), pages 1599-1631, April.
    12. Ahsan Habib & Mabel D' Costa & Ahmed Khamis Al‐Hadi, 2023. "Consequences of local social norms: A review of the literature in accounting, finance, and corporate governance," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 63(1), pages 3-45, March.
    13. Anh Viet Pham & Mia Hang Pham & Cameron Truong, 2022. "CEO cultural heritage and the pricing of audit services," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(1-2), pages 181-214, January.
    14. Jiang, Wei & Luo, Daokang & Wang, Liwen & Zheng Zhou, Kevin, 2024. "Foreign ownership and bribery in Chinese listed firms: An institutional perspective," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    15. Chen, Yunyan & Wu, Shinong & Zhou, Yucheng & Huo, Di, 2023. "Gambling culture and corporate violations: Evidence from China," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    16. Jingjing Zuo & Baoyin Qiu, 2023. "The impact of local gambling preferences on firm‐level environmental violations: Evidence from China," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(2), pages 1175-1190, March.
    17. Ji, Qiong & Quan, Xiaofeng & Yin, Hongying & Yuan, Qingbo, 2021. "Gambling preferences and stock price crash risk: Evidence from China," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    18. Xue, Lixing & Chen, Chong & Wang, Na & Zhang, Lirong, 2023. "Gambling culture and corporate financialization: Evidence from China's welfare lottery sales," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    19. Chen, Shihua & Chen, Yulin & Jebran, Khalil, 2023. "Beyond the glass ceiling: Informal gender-based status hierarchy and corporate misconduct," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    20. Lin, Nan & Chen, Han & Zhang, Pengdong & Liu, Weiqian, 2022. "Does gambling culture affect firms’ investment efficiency?," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 49(C).
    21. Li Fan & Jie He, 2023. "The Impact of Gambling Culture on Entity Financialization," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-19, February.
    22. Kenchington, David G. & Shohfi, Thomas D. & Smith, Jared D. & White, Roger M., 2022. "Do sin tax hikes spur cheating in interpersonal exchange?," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    23. Chen, Fengwen & Wang, Bing & Wang, Wei & Hu, Chen, 2024. "The secret of imitating wrongdoing: Accidental or deliberate," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    24. Alharbi, Samar S. & Atawnah, Nader & Ali, Muhammad Jahangir & Eshraghi, Arman, 2023. "Gambling culture and earnings management: A novel perspective," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 86(C), pages 520-539.
    25. Wei Jiang & Daokang Luo & Liwen W.L. Wang & Kevin Zheng Zhou, 2024. "Foreign ownership and bribery in Chinese listed firms: An institutional perspective," Post-Print hal-04432029, HAL.

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