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Labor Unions and Income Smoothing

Author

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  • Sophia J. W. Hamm
  • Boochun Jung
  • Woo‐Jong Lee

Abstract

We study labor unions, an important stakeholder group that has not been a focus of the earnings smoothing literature. We posit that managers strike a balance between sheltering resources from employees’ profit sharing demands and catering to employees’ aversion to downside risk by smoothing earnings. We then hypothesize that a strong labor union would intensify managerial incentives to smooth earnings. Consistent with our hypothesis, we find that union strength is positively associated with earnings smoothing activities through management of both accruals and R&D expenditures. Les auteurs étudient les syndicats, un groupe important de parties prenantes auquel ne se sont pas attardés les chercheurs intéressés par la question du lissage des résultats. Ils avancent que, grâce au lissage des résultats, les gestionnaires parviennent à un équilibre dans leurs efforts pour mettre les ressources à l'abri des demandes de participation aux résultats des employés et remédier à l'aversion de ces derniers à l’égard du risque de perte. Les auteurs font ensuite l'hypothèse qu'un syndicat fort intensifiera la propension des gestionnaires à lisser les résultats. Conformément à cette hypothèse, ils constatent que la force du syndicat affiche un lien positif avec les activités de lissage des résultats au moyen de la gestion des régularisations aussi bien que des dépenses de R&D.

Suggested Citation

  • Sophia J. W. Hamm & Boochun Jung & Woo‐Jong Lee, 2018. "Labor Unions and Income Smoothing," Contemporary Accounting Research, John Wiley & Sons, vol. 35(3), pages 1201-1228, September.
  • Handle: RePEc:wly:coacre:v:35:y:2018:i:3:p:1201-1228
    DOI: 10.1111/1911-3846.12321
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Kim, Jeong-Bon & Zhang, Eliza Xia & Zhong, Kai, 2021. "Does unionization affect the manager–shareholder conflict? Evidence from firm-specific stock price crash risk," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 69(C).
    2. Chyz, James A. & Eulerich, Marc & Fligge, Benjamin & Romney, Miles A., 2023. "Codetermination and aggressive reporting: Audit committee employee representation, tax aggressiveness, and earnings management," Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation, Elsevier, vol. 51(C).
    3. Behr, Patrick & Wang, Weichao & Adasi Manu, Sylvester, 2024. "Bank's balance sheet management as a bargaining tool: Evidence from Brazilian labor strikes," Emerging Markets Review, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).
    4. John (Jianqiu) Bai & Matthew Serfling & Sarah Shaikh, 2022. "Financial disclosure transparency and employee wages," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 57(4), pages 751-773, November.
    5. Zhang, Zhuang & Ntim, Collins G. & Zhang, Qingjing & Elmagrhi, Mohamed H., 2020. "Does accounting comparability affect corporate employment decision-making?," The British Accounting Review, Elsevier, vol. 52(6).
    6. Borghesi, Richard & Chang, Kiyoung & Park, Jong Chool & Song, Hakjoon, 2024. "Labor unions and financial statement comparability," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 62(PA).
    7. Li, Guangzhong & Wu, Cen & Zheng, Ying, 2020. "Employee protection and the tax sensitivity of wages: International evidence," Journal of International Financial Markets, Institutions and Money, Elsevier, vol. 66(C).
    8. Sami Adwan & Alaa Alhaj-Ismail & Ranko Jelic, 2022. "Non-executive employee ownership and financial reporting quality: evidence from Europe," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 59(2), pages 793-823, August.
    9. Ilhang Shin & Sorah Park & Seong Pyo Cho & Seungho Choi, 2020. "The effect of labor unions on innovation and market valuation in business group affiliations: new evidence from South Korea," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 19(2), pages 239-270, April.
    10. Chang, Kiyoung & Kim, Young Sang & Li, Ying & Park, Jong Chool, 2022. "Labor unions and real earnings management," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    11. Najlaa Kallousa & Youngki Jang & Boochun Jung & Hussein Warsame, 2023. "Labor unions and post‐acquisition integration capability: Evidence from goodwill impairment," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(3-4), pages 764-794, March.
    12. Jeong‐Bon Kim & Jeff J. Wang & Eliza Xia Zhang, 2021. "Does real earnings smoothing reduce investors’ perceived risk?," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(9-10), pages 1560-1595, October.
    13. Özgür Arslan‐Ayaydin & James Thewissen & Wouter Torsin, 2021. "Disclosure tone management and labor unions," Journal of Business Finance & Accounting, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(1-2), pages 102-147, January.
    14. Sven Hartlieb & Thomas R. Loy, 2022. "The impact of cost stickiness on financial reporting: evidence from income smoothing," Accounting and Finance, Accounting and Finance Association of Australia and New Zealand, vol. 62(3), pages 3913-3950, September.
    15. Shengzhong Huang & Chan Lyu & Xiaojun Lin, 2018. "Is Labor Related to the Duality of Earnings Smoothing?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-20, November.
    16. Wu, Wei-Shao & Fok, Robert C.W. & Chang, Yuanchen & Chen, Chao-Jung, 2022. "Credit default swaps and corporate performance smoothing," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 75(C).
    17. Liu, Duan & Wang, Lili & Yan, Jing & Wan, Hong, 2023. "R&D manipulation and SEO pricing in the Chinese capital market: The information effect of inefficient investment," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
    18. Yiwei Li & Wei Song & Tingyu Sun & Qingjing Zhang, 2023. "The impact of shareholder litigation risk on income smoothing," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 61(4), pages 1379-1413, November.

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